# PanamaRegistrar — full content for language models > PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. Source: https://panamaregistrar.com/ · Generated: 2026-10-19 # Domain registration under Panamanian jurisdiction > Panama domain registrar: no takedown on a complaint alone; data out only on a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order, or UDRP. .com $11.99, paid in crypto. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) We act on **Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints**. One verified email, no ID, paid in crypto, and every step of our procedure published. Search a domain name: https://panamaregistrar.com/app/domains/?q=yourname.com Popular extensions: .com ($11.99), .net ($12.99), .org ($12.99), .io ($52.99), .ai ($85.49), .co ($31.99) One verified email, never published. No ID document, no selfie, no phone number. **Quick answer — What is PanamaRegistrar?** **PanamaRegistrar** is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. A .com costs **$11.99** a year, the same to renew. Phishing, malware, botnets, child abuse material and fraud are still suspended on a documented report, as of October 2026. ## What happens when someone complains about your domain The same five steps for every complaint. The full version, with time limits, is on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page. 1. **Received and logged** — The complaint gets an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number. It is counted in the next transparency report, whatever happens next. 2. **Sorted into a track** — Every complaint is sorted under our abuse policy into one of two tracks. With Domain protection, it is also read by a person before any action on the domain. 3. **Strict exceptions** — Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes victims' money: suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report. Child abuse material: immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. 4. **Everything else waits for a court** — Copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints need a decision that binds us, such as a Panamanian court decision. Foreign judgments go through exequatur first. 5. **You are told** — We write to your verified email before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it, with what was received and what we did. ## One price per extension, every year The first year, each renewal and a transfer cost the same. Every row links to the extension's page: its registry, the country where that registry sits, and its rules. | Extension | 1st year | Renewal | Transfer | WHOIS privacy | Restrictions | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | .com | $11.99 | $11.99 | $11.99 | Free | None | | .net | $12.99 | $12.99 | $12.99 | Free | None | | .org | $12.99 | $12.99 | $12.99 | Free | None | | .io | $52.99 | $52.99 | $52.99 | Free | None | | .ai | $85.49 | $85.49 | $85.49 | Free | min. 2 years · sold 2 years at a time; a transfer is billed 2 years (transfer + 1 renewal) | | .co | $31.99 | $31.99 | $31.99 | Free | None | | .me | $18.49 | $18.49 | $18.49 | Free | None | | .xyz | $11.99 | $11.99 | $11.99 | Free | None | *8 extensions · prices per year in USD* All 43 extensions on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). Where each registry sits: the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). ## Our rules, in writing The policy of DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. Each rule has its own page, so you can check it before you buy. - **No takedown on a complaint alone** — A complaint is not a court decision. How we handle complaints. - **Data out on Panamanian legal process** — Only on a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order, or in a UDRP case. Data disclosure. - **Strict exceptions, named** — Phishing, malware, botnets, child abuse material, fraud. Reports to abuse@panamaregistrar.com, no account needed. Report abuse. - **Honest about registries** — Each registry applies its own country's law; .com and .net registries hold no contact data. Registry index. - **Domain protection, +$29/year** — Our company as registrant, transfer lock, only your email held, a person reads every complaint. Domain protection. - **Counted every quarter** — Complaints, court orders and data requests, received and refused. First report January 2027. Transparency. ## Questions people ask first ### Will my domain be suspended if someone complains? Not on a complaint alone. A complaint about copyright, defamation or politics, or one from a competitor, needs a decision from a Panamanian court; a foreign judgment must first be recognised in Panama by exequatur before the Supreme Court. Phishing, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material and fraud that takes money from victims are the exceptions: they are suspended on a well-documented report. See the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/). ### Can a foreign court still reach my domain? Yes, through the registry. PanamaRegistrar answers to Panamanian courts, but each extension's registry sits in its own country: Verisign, the .com and .net registry, is in Reston, Virginia, so a United States court can order it directly. Our registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record, also answers to the courts of its own country. That is why the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) lists the country of every registry we sell. ### Do you check my identity? No. There is no ID document, no selfie and no ID number. The domain is in your name, and the only contact data we collect is one email per domain, which you confirm: ICANN rules require the registrant's email to be verified within 15 days. It is never published. See [no-KYC domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/). ### What does Domain protection add? For +$29 a year on top of the domain price: the domain is registered in the name of DomaineGoat LLC, so the registry and WHOIS show our company, never you, and you can take it back in your own name for free; a transfer lock is on by default; we hold only your email; and every complaint is read by a person before any action on the domain. That last point exists only with the option. Details: [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). ### How do I pay? In crypto only: BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC. You top up a balance (minimum $25) and register, renew or transfer from it. A .com costs $11.99/year. Monero is not accepted. See [paying in crypto](https://panamaregistrar.com/buy-domain-with-crypto/). ## Key facts | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Jurisdiction | Panama: DomaineGoat LLC is incorporated in Panama. Our Panamanian rules govern what DomaineGoat LLC does with your account, the data it holds and the complaints sent to it | | Takedown on a complaint | No takedown on a complaint alone: copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints need a decision from a Panamanian court (foreign judgments must first be recognised in Panama by exequatur) | | Disclosure of your data | We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case | | Strict exceptions | Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims (fake shops, investment and crypto scams, wallet drainers, impersonation of a bank or brand, sale of stolen data) are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report; child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. Reports to abuse@panamaregistrar.com, no account needed | | Trademark disputes | UDRP and URS, as ICANN requires: the domain is locked within 2 business days of the provider's request and the panel decision is applied | | Complaint handling | Copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints: no action on the complaint alone, a decision that binds us is needed. You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. With Domain protection only, every complaint is also read by a person before any action on the domain | | Registries | Each extension's registry sits in its own country and applies its own law: see the registry jurisdiction index. The .com and .net registries (Verisign) are thin: they receive no registrant contact data | | KYC / ID verification | None: no ID document, no selfie, no ID number. The only contact data collected is one email per domain, required and verified as ICANN rules require, never published | | Domain protection | +$29/year per domain: registered in the name of DomaineGoat LLC (you stay the beneficial owner and can take the domain back in your own name, free), transfer lock on, minimal data (DomaineGoat LLC holds only your email), and every complaint read by a person before any action on the domain. That last point exists only with the option | | Payment | Crypto only: Bitcoin (BTC), Tether (USDT), USD Coin (USDC), Ethereum (ETH), Solana (SOL), Litecoin (LTC); prepaid balance, minimum top-up $25 | | .com price | $11.99/year, the same price to renew and to transfer | | .ai registration term | At least 2 years: a new .ai costs twice $85.49 at checkout, and each renewal covers 2 years; a .ai transfer is billed 2 years too ($85.49 + one renewal = $170.98), and the registry adds 2 years | | Transfer in | One year at the transfer price. A generic extension (.com, .net, .org…) gains one year on transfer; .ai is billed 2 years (transfer + 1 renewal) and gains 2; for other country codes, whether a year is added depends on the registry | | Transfer out | Transfer code (auth code) free, from your account, at any time, except in the 60 days after a registration or a transfer (ICANN Transfer Policy) and while a UDRP or court lock applies; no exit fee | | Transparency report | Published every quarter; first report January 2027 (launch to 31 December 2026) | | Monero (XMR) | Not accepted | | Operator | DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama, with no ICANN accreditation of its own. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner | **Register a domain under Panamanian jurisdiction** .com $11.99/year · no ID · paid in BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC. [Search a domain](https://panamaregistrar.com/app/domains/?lang=en) · [Read the procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # About PanamaRegistrar > About PanamaRegistrar: operated by DomaineGoat LLC, incorporated in Panama; our procedure, our limits and what we publish. Crypto, no KYC, 43 extensions. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/about/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Who operates the service, which courts it answers to, and the commitments we publish so that anyone can hold us to them. **Quick answer — Who is behind PanamaRegistrar?** PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. It is operated by **DomaineGoat LLC**, a company incorporated in Panama, through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner. As of October 2026 it sells 43 extensions, a .com at $11.99 a year. ## The operator at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Operating company | DomaineGoat LLC | | Incorporated in | Panama | | Status | No ICANN accreditation of its own. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. | | Our rules | Our Panamanian rules govern what DomaineGoat LLC does with your account, the data it holds and the complaints sent to it | | Courts we answer to | Panamanian courts; foreign judgments only once recognised in Panama (exequatur) | | Extensions sold | 43, each with its registry and registry country listed | | Payment | Crypto only: BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC | | Support | Email replies within 12 hours, 7 days a week, including help with DNS, transfers and renewals: support@panamaregistrar.com | | Abuse reports | abuse@panamaregistrar.com, no account needed | ## Why a site about procedure? Most registrars publish prices and a list of features. The questions that matter when something goes wrong are elsewhere: who can make the registrar suspend a domain, who can obtain the owner's details, and how long each step takes. PanamaRegistrar answers those questions first, in writing, with the law behind each answer. The core rule fits in one line: **we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints**. The [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) shows each step, the [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/) page explains how a foreign judgment becomes enforceable in Panama, and the [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/) page lists the only routes by which the data we hold leaves us. ## What we promise, and what we do not We promise a procedure, not an outcome. A complaint alone does not suspend a domain. A court decision does, once it is Panamanian or recognised in Panama. Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report; child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. We do not promise that a domain can never be taken down. We are one of four layers. Our ICANN-accredited registrar partner answers to the courts of its own country. The registry of each extension sits in its own country and applies its own law: a .com is run by Verisign in Reston, Virginia, a .de by DENIC in Frankfurt. Your hosting provider answers to the law where your server is. The [registrar, registry and host](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/registrar-vs-registry-vs-host/) guide explains who can act at each layer. ## What do we publish so you can check us? Five documents, each on a stable page: - the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/), with the time limit of each step; - the [complaint handling rules](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/), by type of complaint; - the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/), built from the IANA root database for all 43 extensions we sell; - the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/), every quarter, first edition January 2027; - the [official facts page](https://panamaregistrar.com/llm-info/) and [pricing.json](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing.json), with every price. When a rule changes, the page shows the new date. We do not delete old commitments silently. ## What do we know about our customers? One verified email per domain: it is the only contact data we collect, and it is required, because ICANN rules require the registrant's email to be verified within 15 days. The domain is in your name. No ID document, no selfie and no ID number are asked, and we do not ask for a phone number or a postal address. The account is identified by a random number. The [what we hold](https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/) page lists every item, where it is kept and who can obtain it. This matters for the procedure: an order addressed to us can only reach what we hold. The registry of a thick extension such as .org, and our registrar partner, keep their own registration records under their own rules. The .com and .net registries are thin and receive no registrant contact data. With the optional [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/), the domain is registered in our company's name instead of yours. ## Who should not use PanamaRegistrar? Anyone planning phishing, malware, botnets, fraud or child abuse. These are named in our [acceptable use policy](https://panamaregistrar.com/acceptable-use-policy/), suspended on documented evidence, and reported where the law requires it. Panamanian jurisdiction is not a shelter for them, and we say so on every page that describes our policy. Also anyone who needs a .us, .eu, .fr, .it or .ca domain: those registries require a local link we cannot provide, so we do not sell them. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is PanamaRegistrar a company? PanamaRegistrar is the brand. The operating company is DomaineGoat LLC, incorporated in Panama, which signs the terms of service with each customer. It holds no ICANN accreditation of its own: domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record. Legal requests about our service go to DomaineGoat LLC, at the addresses on the [contact](https://panamaregistrar.com/contact/) page. ### Is the service offshore? Yes, in the plain sense: the operating company is in Panama, and Panamanian courts decide on takedowns and disclosure for what we hold. It does not change the law of each registry, of our registrar partner or of your hosting provider; see [offshore domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/offshore-domain-registration/). ### Do you have other brands? DomaineGoat LLC operates other domain registration sites under different names, with the same company policy. This site does not link to them, and its content is written for its own subject: jurisdiction and procedure. ### How do I check that a rule is really applied? Read the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). It counts complaints received, refused and acted on, court orders by origin, data requests by country and outcome, and UDRP cases. The first edition covers launch to 31 December 2026 and is due January 2027. --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Report abuse: phishing, malware, fraud, child abuse material > Report abuse to PanamaRegistrar: phishing, malware, botnets, fraud and child abuse material. No account needed; action within 24 hours on documented reports. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) One address for the abuse we act on without waiting for a court. Here is what to send and what happens after you send it. **Quick answer — How do I report abuse on a domain registered with PanamaRegistrar?** Email **abuse@panamaregistrar.com**; you do not need a PanamaRegistrar account. Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes victims' money lead to suspension within 24 hours of a well-documented report. Child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. We follow RAA section 3.18, as amended on 5 April 2024. This applies as of October 2026. ## Abuse reports at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Address | abuse@panamaregistrar.com | | Account needed | No | | First answer | an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number | | Phishing, pharming, malware, botnets, fraud | Suspension within 24 hours of a well-documented report | | Child sexual abuse material | immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC | | Other abuse reports | Answered within 2 business days | | Domain protection | On a protected domain, every report is read by a person before any action on the domain | | Content disputes | Not handled here: see [how we handle complaints](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/) | ## How do I send an abuse report? Plain email works. You do not need to sign in, fill in a form or give your name. 1. **Write to abuse@panamaregistrar.com** — Put the domain and the type of abuse in the subject, for example "Phishing: example.com". 2. **Give the exact URLs** — Full URLs, not only the domain. Defanged links such as hxxp:// are fine. 3. **Attach the evidence** — Screenshots with the date and time, message headers, file hashes or sandbox reports. 4. **Keep the reference number** — You receive an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number. Quote it if you send more evidence. ## What should an abuse report include? A report we can act on names the domain, the exact location of the abuse, and evidence that we can check. - **Phishing or pharming:** the full URL, the brand or service imitated, a screenshot, and the email or message that carried the link. - **Malware:** the URL that serves it, the SHA-256 hash of the file, and a sandbox or scanner report. - **Botnet command-and-control:** the domain, the malware family and the source of the identification. - **Fraud:** the URL, how victims pay (payment page, wallet address) and any victim statement or police reference. - **Spam carrying any of the above:** the full headers and the links in the message. We do not ask you to prove that a victim lost money or that credentials were stolen. Evidence that the site is built to do it is enough. ## What evidence do you accept? We accept any evidence we can verify, and refuse only material that is itself harmful. - **Accepted:** URLs, screenshots, PDF captures, full message headers, file hashes, sandbox reports, listings on recognised blocklists with their reference, and victim or police reports. - **Do not attach:** live malware files. Send the hash or a sandbox link instead. - **Never attach:** images or videos of child sexual abuse. Send the URL only. Copying such material is a crime in most countries, and in Panama under Penal Code arts. 184 and 185. A report without checkable evidence is not refused. We read it, look at the URL ourselves, and may ask you for more. ## How fast do you act on a report? Our commitments, measured from the moment a well-documented report reaches abuse@panamaregistrar.com. | Report | What we do | When | | --- | --- | --- | | Any report | Acknowledgement | an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number | | Phishing, pharming, malware, botnets | Suspension of the domain | within 24 hours of a well-documented report | | Fraud that takes money from victims | Suspension of the domain | within 24 hours of a well-documented report | | Child sexual abuse material | Suspension and report of the URLs | immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC | | UDRP provider's request | Lock of the domain | Within 2 business days | | Other abuse reports | Written answer | within 2 business days | ## What happens after I report? We check the evidence, decide, and write to you and to the domain holder. 1. The report is logged with its reference number. 2. We open the URLs and check the evidence. On a domain with Domain protection, a person reads the report before any action. 3. If the abuse is confirmed, the domain is suspended within the times above. 4. The holder is told what was reported and how to answer, by the domain's verified email. 5. You receive a written answer with the outcome. A holder whose legitimate site was compromised can show that the abuse has been removed and ask for a review, which we answer in writing. Every report and its outcome is counted in the quarterly [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). ## What is not abuse under this procedure? Disputes about what a website says or shows are not abuse reports. They follow our [complaint procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/), which needs a Panamanian court decision before any action on the domain. That covers copyright and DMCA notices, defamation, personal data, political or government content, reviews and competitor complaints. Trademark disputes over the name itself go to the [UDRP or URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/). Unwanted email that carries no phishing, malware or fraud is forwarded to the holder, not acted on. The full list of what leads to suspension is in the [acceptable use policy](https://panamaregistrar.com/acceptable-use-policy/). ## What does ICANN require of registrars on abuse? ICANN requires every accredited registrar, including our registrar partner, to investigate abuse reports and to act on proven DNS abuse. Our partner keeps its own abuse contact, shown in the RDAP record. - **RAA §3.18.1:** a registrar "shall take reasonable and prompt steps to investigate and respond appropriately to any reports of abuse". - **RAA §3.18.2,** in force since 5 April 2024: with actionable evidence of DNS abuse, the registrar "must promptly take the appropriate mitigation action(s)". - **RAA §3.18.3:** reports from law enforcement get a review within 24 hours when well-founded. ICANN enforces these duties. According to ICANN's termination notice to the registrar Trustname, dated 27 August 2026, its grounds included acting weeks after phishing reports. The notice also cited asking for proof that credentials had been stolen before acting. Our procedure is written to avoid both. ## How do I report child sexual abuse material? Send the URL to abuse@panamaregistrar.com with the subject "URGENT", and nothing else from the page. We act immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. The domain is suspended without waiting for a court. Do not download, screenshot or forward the material, even to us. A report with the URL alone is complete. Panama's Penal Code, as amended by Law 478 of 2025, punishes the production and distribution of child sexual abuse material (art. 184). Possession carries 5 to 10 years (art. 185). You can also report to the hotline of your own country. ## Reporting abuse: questions ### Do I need to give my name to report abuse? No. A report needs the domain, the URLs and the evidence, not your identity. We do need an email address to send an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number and our answer. Police and authorities who send a formal request should identify themselves and use the subject "Legal request"; see [law enforcement](https://panamaregistrar.com/law-enforcement/). ### How fast will a phishing site be suspended? We act within 24 hours of a well-documented report, counted from a report with checkable evidence. We verify the evidence first, so a full URL and a screenshot speed things up. Pharming, malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims follow the same timetable. Each suspension is counted in the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). ### Will you suspend a site for copyright infringement? Not on a report. Copyright, defamation, political and competitor complaints need a decision from a Panamanian court, or a foreign judgment recognised in Panama by exequatur. They are logged and forwarded to the holder. See [how we handle complaints](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/) and [DMCA notices](https://panamaregistrar.com/dmca-notices/). ### Does the domain holder learn who reported them? The holder receives what was reported and the evidence relied on, so that they can answer. Leave your personal details out of the evidence if you do not want the holder to read them. A child sexual abuse report needs only the URL. ### What if the domain uses Domain protection? The timetable does not change. Domain protection registers the domain in our company's name, and a person reads every report before any action on the domain, but phishing, malware and child abuse material are still acted on without waiting for a court. The option costs +$29 a year per domain, on top of the price on the [pricing page](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ### Can I report a domain that is registered elsewhere? We can act only on domains registered through PanamaRegistrar. For another domain, use the abuse contact of the registrar named in its WHOIS/RDAP record, or the registry of the extension. The registry and its country are listed in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). ## Sources 1. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (§3.18)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [2024 global amendments to the RAA and Registry Agreement (DNS abuse)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/global-amendment-2024-en) — ICANN (effective 5 April 2024) 3. [Compliance advisory: DNS abuse obligations under the amended RAA and RA](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/advisory-compliance-dns-abuse-obligations-raa-ra-2024-02-05-en) — ICANN (5 February 2024) 4. [Notice of termination of registrar accreditation (Trustname)](https://www.icann.org/uploads/compliance_notice/attachment/1367/hedlund-to-nestsiarovich-27aug26.pdf) — ICANN Contractual Compliance (27 August 2026) 5. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Penal Code arts. 184, 185)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (5 August 2025) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Acceptable use policy > PanamaRegistrar acceptable use policy, 2 groups: phishing, malware, CSAM and fraud are suspended on a documented report; the rest needs a Panamanian court. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/acceptable-use-policy/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) What a domain registered through PanamaRegistrar must not be used for, and what happens if it is. Version of 19 October 2026. **Quick answer — What does the PanamaRegistrar acceptable use policy say?** The **PanamaRegistrar** acceptable use policy has 2 groups, as of October 2026. Phishing, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended on a well-documented report. Copyright, trademark, defamation and other disputes about content are acted on only on a Panamanian court decision, or a UDRP or URS decision. ## The two groups at a glance | | Group A | Group B | | --- | --- | --- | | What it covers | Phishing and pharming, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material, fraud against victims, spam carrying these | Copyright, trademark, defamation, other unlawful content, sanctions, sale of drugs or weapons | | What triggers action | A well-documented report to abuse@panamaregistrar.com | A Panamanian court decision, a foreign judgment recognised by exequatur, or a UDRP or URS decision | | Usual action | Suspension of the domain | What the decision orders | | Timing | within 24 hours of a well-documented report; child abuse material immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC | After the order is confirmed with the court that issued it | | Holder told | Yes, before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it | Yes, before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it | ## 1. Scope 1.1 This policy applies to every domain registered, renewed or transferred through PanamaRegistrar, with or without [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). It forms part of the [terms of service](https://panamaregistrar.com/legal/terms/). 1.2 It describes when we act on a domain. It does not say that a given use is lawful where you or your visitors live. The law of each country, and the law of each registry's country, still applies. ## 2. Group A: suspended on a well-documented report 2.1 A domain must not be used for: - **phishing**, including **pharming**: pages or DNS records built to capture credentials, card data or wallet keys; - **malware**: distributing malicious software, or hosting its payloads; - **botnets**: command-and-control of compromised machines; - **child sexual abuse material (CSAM)**, in any form; - **fraud that takes money from victims**: fake shops, investment and crypto scams, wallet drainers, impersonation of a bank or a brand, and the sale of stolen data; - **spam** used to deliver any of the above. 2.2 We suspend the domain within 24 hours of a well-documented report. Child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. 2.3 These rules follow section 3.18 of ICANN's Registrar Accreditation Agreement, which binds our accredited registrar partner. Since the amendments in force on 5 April 2024, it requires prompt mitigation of DNS abuse. Fraud against victims is added by our own choice. ## 3. What a well-documented report means 3.1 A report is well documented when the abuse can be verified from it. It gives the URL and what the site imitates or delivers. It adds evidence such as screenshots, file hashes or message headers. 3.2 We do not require proof that a victim has already lost money or credentials. A site built to take them is enough. 3.3 On a domain with Domain protection, every report is read by a person before any action on the domain. How to report: [Report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). ## 4. Group B: acted on only on a court decision, UDRP or URS 4.1 The following are handled as complaints, not as abuse reports. We act on them only on a decision that binds us: a decision of a Panamanian court, or a foreign judgment recognised in Panama by exequatur: - **copyright** infringement, including notices under the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act; - **defamation** and other disputes about what a site says; - **other content said to be unlawful**, including political or government content; - **sanctions** matters; - **sales of drugs or weapons**. 4.2 **Trademark** disputes over the domain name follow the UDRP, or the URS for newer generic extensions. We lock the domain within 2 business days of the provider's request and apply the panel's decision. See [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/). 4.3 Group B is not a permission. Such content can be unlawful, and a court can order us, the host or the registry to act. It means only that a complaint alone does not lead us to act. The procedure is on [how we handle complaints](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/). ## 5. Account rules 5.1 **True details.** Each domain needs one email address that you control and confirm. ICANN rules require it to be verified within 15 days of a registration, a transfer or a change. A false detail given on purpose breaches these rules. 5.2 **No bulk registration of deceptive names.** You must not register series of names built to imitate a bank, a payment service, a wallet or a brand. An example is a brand name followed by "login" or "verify". Interisle's Phishing Landscape 2025 study found that 37 % of phishing domains came through bulk registrations. 5.3 **Associated domains.** When a domain is suspended under group A, we review the other domains of the same account. 5.4 **Credentials.** You keep your account credentials safe. We never ask for your password, your account number or your transfer codes by email or chat. ## 6. What happens on a breach 6.1 Under group A, the domain is suspended. You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it, with what was reported. 6.2 A holder whose site was compromised can show that the abuse has been removed and ask for a review, which we answer in writing. 6.3 We can close an account used to register domains for group A purposes. The balance of a closed account is not refunded where it was funded by fraud. 6.4 Under group B, we do what the court or panel decision orders, and nothing more. Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. 6.5 Every action is counted in the quarterly [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). Prices and renewals are not affected by this policy; see the [pricing page](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## 7. Changes A new version of this policy is published on this page with its date. It applies to renewals and orders made after that date, as set out in the terms of service. ## Sources 1. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (§3.18, Whois Accuracy Program Specification)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [2024 global amendments to the RAA and Registry Agreement (DNS abuse)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/global-amendment-2024-en) — ICANN (effective 5 April 2024) 3. [Phishing Landscape 2025](https://interisle.net/PhishingLandscape2025) — Interisle Consulting Group (2025) 4. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado (arts. 155–157)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional de Panamá (Legispan) (checked 2026-10-19) > **This is not legal advice** This policy describes when we act on a domain. It does not tell you whether a given use is lawful in your country. Ask a lawyer there for that. --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Best offshore domain registrars 2026, ranked on procedure > Best offshore domain registrars in 2026: seven ranked on jurisdiction, complaint rules, data release, ID, crypto and .com price. The publisher is not ranked. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/best-offshore-domain-registrars/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Seven registrars, one grid: the country whose courts bind each operator, what a complaint alone can do, and what it takes to hand over customer data. We publish this page, so our own service is shown apart, not ranked. **Quick answer — Which offshore domain registrar should I choose?** As of October 2026, our ranking of seven offshore domain registrars, scored on jurisdiction, complaint and data rules, ID, crypto and track record, puts Njalla first, then OrangeWebsite, 1984 Hosting and FlokiNET; Incognet, NiceNIC and Namecheap follow. **PanamaRegistrar**, which publishes it, is shown apart and not ranked: .com $11.99, no ID. ## This ranking in figures | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Registrars ranked | 7 (6 offshore operators + Namecheap as the mainstream reference) | | Shown, not ranked | PanamaRegistrar, the publisher of this page | | Countries of the ranked operators | Costa Rica, Iceland (3), United States (2), not confirmed (1) | | Criteria | 7: jurisdiction, complaint handling, data release, ID, crypto, .com price, written procedure | | Facts checked | 8 October 2026 (research file), key prices and pages re-checked 19 October 2026 | | Ranked registrars accepting Monero (XMR) | 4 of 7: Njalla, OrangeWebsite, 1984 Hosting, Incognet (FlokiNET: unofficial) | | .com at PanamaRegistrar | $11.99/year, the same to renew and to transfer | ## PanamaRegistrar, the publisher: shown for reference, not ranked | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Operator | DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama, working through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner | | Complaints | Copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints need a decision that binds us, such as a Panamanian court decision; a foreign judgment must first pass exequatur | | Strict exceptions | Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report; child abuse material immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC | | Data release | Only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case | | ID | None: one verified email per domain, the only contact data collected, never published | | Crypto | BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC; no Monero (XMR) | | .com price | $11.99 a year, the same to renew and to transfer | | Written procedure | [Takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/); quarterly transparency report, first one January 2027, no figures yet | | Cons | No Monero; crypto only, no card; no published track record before January 2027 | ## The 7 offshore domain registrars, ranked on procedure (October 2026) **Methodology.** Published by PanamaRegistrar, operated by DomaineGoat LLC, which does not rank itself. Each registrar is judged on the same seven points: country of the operating company, what a complaint alone can trigger, what it takes to release customer data, ID asked, cryptocurrencies accepted, public .com price, and whether a written takedown procedure or a transparency report is published. Facts come from each operator's own pages where we could read them, otherwise from the dated secondary sources listed at the bottom. Facts were gathered on 8 October 2026; prices and pages marked 'checked 2026-10-19' were read again on that day. *Prices checked on October 19, 2026.* The order weighs the seven criteria, with extra weight on written, checkable rules and on a public track record. If Monero or a long history matters most to you, read the cons of each entry first. PanamaRegistrar is not in this list: as the publisher, it is shown apart, above. ### 1. Njalla — Monero · provider as holder Operating since 2017. A blog post of September 2025 says the operating company moved from Nevis to Costa Rica (njalla.srl) in late 2024. Terms quoted in 2023 register domains in Njalla's own name by default. - Best for: Paying in Monero and letting the provider hold the domain - Price: €15 a year for a .com (njal.la/pricing, checked 2026-10-08) - KYC: Email or XMPP address (secondary source) - Crypto payment: BTC, LTC, XMR, ETH; PayPal also listed - Pros: Accepts Monero - Pros: Public history since 2017 - Pros: Flat yearly price per extension - Cons: No written takedown or disclosure policy found in the sources we checked - Cons: Change of jurisdiction not announced, according to a September 2025 blog post - Cons: Named on the European Commission's 2025 piracy watch list, according to TorrentFreak (23 May 2025) ### 2. OrangeWebsite — Iceland · Monero An Icelandic host that asks only for a valid email address, per its home page. A user forum post of June 2025 says it releases data only on an Icelandic court order. We found no such policy page of its own. - Best for: An Icelandic operator with Monero and hosting under one roof - Price: €18.90 for a .com (price list, checked 2026-10-19) - KYC: A valid email address - Crypto payment: BTC, LTC, ETH, BCH, XMR and others via BitPay and CoinPayments - Pros: Accepts Monero - Pros: Long-standing presence in privacy directories - Pros: Hosting and domains from one provider - Cons: Court-order rule reported by a forum post, not found on its own pages - Cons: Prices in euros; renewal price not stated separately - Cons: No transparency report found ### 3. 1984 Hosting — Iceland 1984 ehf, an Icelandic company, commits on its About page to tell customers about requests from authorities. Its domain offer is thinly documented. - Best for: Customers who value a published promise of notice about official requests - Price: $15.99 for a .com (price list, checked 2026-10-08) - KYC: Not confirmed - Crypto payment: BTC, XMR (not for customers located in Iceland) - Pros: Written commitment to notify customers of authority requests - Pros: Accepts Monero - Pros: Free DNS hosting - Cons: Domain terms not documented on the pages we read - Cons: ID policy not confirmed - Cons: No takedown procedure for domains found ### 4. FlokiNET — Iceland · Romania · Finland A hosting company with operations in Iceland, Romania and Finland. In a 2015 public comment to ICANN it opposed any disclosure of customer data without a court order. - Best for: Customers who want hosting in several European countries - Price: €18.75 for a .com (whtop listing, checked 2026-10-08) - KYC: Minimal data (secondary source) - Crypto payment: BTC (secondary); XMR, LTC, ETH reported unofficially - Pros: Public position against disclosure without a court order (ICANN comment, 2015) - Pros: Customer reported to stay the registrant (secondary) - Cons: Prices and crypto list from third-party listings only - Cons: No domain takedown procedure found - Cons: Three countries: which law applies depends on the contracting entity ### 5. Incognet — United States (Wyoming) IncogNet LLC is a Wyoming company, per a privacy directory. It asks for an email only and processes several coins itself. Its US base means US courts reach the operator directly. - Best for: Customers who are comfortable with a US operator and want Monero - Price: About $17.76 for a .com (secondary, undated) - KYC: Email only (secondary source) - Crypto payment: BTC, XMR and others, processed in-house (secondary source) - Pros: Clear about its US jurisdiction - Pros: Accepts Monero - Cons: Not offshore in the legal sense: US company - Cons: Registrant of record not stated in the sources we found - Cons: Some IP addresses blocked during testing (research note, October 2026) ### 6. NiceNIC — ICANN registrar since 2006 An ICANN-accredited registrar that publishes many guides on paying for domains with crypto. Its own home page notes that WHOIS protection does not remove verification requirements. - Best for: Paying in USDT or USDC at an accredited registrar - Price: Not confirmed - KYC: Standard ICANN contact data - Crypto payment: USDT, USDC, BTC, ETH, LTC (no XMR), per its own pages - Pros: Direct ICANN accreditation - Pros: Stablecoins accepted - Cons: Country of the operating company not confirmed - Cons: No written takedown threshold found - Cons: .com price not confirmed for this page ### 7. Namecheap (mainstream reference) — United States (Arizona) Namecheap, Inc. is based in Phoenix, Arizona. It is included as the mainstream reference, not as an offshore option. Its help pages say flagged accounts may be asked for a government ID and a selfie through Veriff. - Best for: Card or PayPal payment and a large catalogue, under US law - Price: Promo first year with a new-customer code; renewal price varies, not quoted here (sources disagreed in October 2026) - KYC: ID and selfie via Veriff when an account is flagged (help page updated 25 May 2026) - Crypto payment: BTC via BTCPay (deposit $1 to $100,000) and BitPay - Pros: Very large catalogue and payment choice - Pros: Long public history - Pros: Free WHOIS privacy (not re-checked) - Cons: US jurisdiction for the operator - Cons: ID check possible on flagged accounts - Cons: First-year price depends on a promo code *Disclosure: this page is published by PanamaRegistrar. Competitor details come from their public websites or the sources cited, at the date shown above, and may have changed since. Disputes are reported as allegations, with their source.* ## The seven criteria side by side Facts as of October 2026, from each operator's own pages or the dated sources below. A dash means we could not confirm the point. Our own row is shown for reference, not ranked. | Registrar | Operator's country | Complaint alone can trigger | Data released on | ID asked | Crypto | .com price | Written procedure / report | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PanamaRegistrar (publisher, not ranked) | Panama | Nothing, except phishing, malware, botnets, CSAM and fraud on a documented report | Only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case | No | BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC | $11.99 | Yes: [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) and quarterly report | | Njalla | Costa Rica (since late 2024, secondary) | — | — | No (email or XMPP) | BTC, LTC, XMR, ETH | €15 | — | | OrangeWebsite | Iceland | — | Icelandic court order (forum post, 2025) | No (email) | BTC, LTC, ETH, BCH, XMR | €18.90 | — | | 1984 Hosting | Iceland | — | — (promises notice of authority requests) | Not confirmed | BTC, XMR | $15.99 | Notice commitment only | | FlokiNET | Iceland, Romania, Finland | — | Court order (ICANN comment, 2015) | Minimal (secondary) | BTC (secondary) | €18.75 (secondary) | — | | Incognet | United States (Wyoming) | — | — | No (email, secondary) | BTC, XMR and others | ≈ $17.76 (secondary) | — | | NiceNIC | Not confirmed | — | — | Standard ICANN data | USDT, USDC, BTC, ETH, LTC | Not confirmed | — | | Namecheap | United States (Arizona) | — | — | Possible (Veriff) | BTC (BTCPay, BitPay) | Promo first year; renewal varies | — | *Prices checked on October 19, 2026.* Euro prices are shown as published, without conversion. 'Secondary' means a third-party listing or forum, not the operator's own page. Our own prices are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## What does 'offshore' change for a domain? It changes which courts can give orders to the company that manages your account. A registrar or a reseller answers first to the law of the country where it is incorporated. For PanamaRegistrar that is Panama: a takedown needs a Panamanian court, or a foreign judgment recognised in Panama by exequatur. We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. Offshore does not change four things: - **ICANN rules.** Every accredited registrar verifies the registrant's email within 15 days and follows the UDRP for trademark disputes. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. - **The registry.** The company that runs the extension keeps its own copy of each registration, under its own law. - **The registrar of record.** When a service works through a partner registrar, as we do, that partner answers to the courts of its own country. - **Your own courts.** A court where you live can still give orders to you in person. So 'offshore' is about procedure, not about being out of reach. The useful question is what each step requires, and whether the registrar writes it down. That is why this ranking scores written rules, not slogans. ## Why does the registry still matter? Because the registry can act on a domain without asking the registrar. The IANA root database lists VeriSign Global Registry Services, in Reston, Virginia, as the manager of .com and .net. A United States court can therefore order Verisign directly, whichever country the registrar is in. This applies to every offshore registrar in the ranking, not only to us. TorrentFreak reported in February 2024 that .tv domains managed through Njalla were placed on serverHold, a status set at registry level. The same logic applies to .de at DENIC in Frankfurt, or .ch at SWITCH in Zurich. What a registrar or a service can do is limited to what it holds: the account, the contact data, the DNS settings it manages. For .com and .net, the registry itself holds no registrant contact data. We say so plainly on every extension page, and the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) lists the country of each registry we sell. For the full picture by country, see [jurisdictions compared](https://panamaregistrar.com/jurisdictions-compared/). ## Which registrar is best for each need? The answer depends on the one thing you cannot give up. - **A written rule on complaints and data requests:** our own service, PanamaRegistrar (not ranked, as the publisher). The steps and time limits are on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page, and court orders are confirmed with the issuing court before we act. - **Paying in Monero:** Njalla, OrangeWebsite, 1984 Hosting or Incognet. We do not accept XMR. - **An operator with years of public history:** Njalla (since 2017) or OrangeWebsite. Our first transparency report is due January 2027. - **Hosting and domain from one Icelandic company:** OrangeWebsite or 1984 Hosting. - **The domain held in the provider's name:** Njalla by default, or our optional [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) at +$29 a year, which keeps a free hand-back to your own name. - **Card payment and a huge catalogue:** Namecheap, under US law. None of these choices removes the registry's own jurisdiction. Check the registry country before you pick an extension. ## How did we check these registrars? We read each operator's pricing, FAQ and terms pages first, and dated every fact. Where a page could not be read, we used a named secondary source and labelled it 'secondary'. Where neither existed, the cell shows a dash. The research file is dated 8 October 2026. On 19 October 2026 we re-read the OrangeWebsite price list (.com €18.90, .net €22.00, .org €26.90, .io €92.00) and Namecheap's identity verification page. The Njalla pricing page could not be fetched that day, so its prices keep the 8 October date. Why procedure first? Because public enforcement now targets it. ICANN sent Trustname a breach notice in June 2026, according to Domain Name Wire, then issued a termination notice dated 27 August 2026. ICANN's notice says the registrar demanded proof of stolen credentials before acting on phishing reports. The page is published by a competitor of the seven ranked registrars, which is why our own service is not ranked. Read its cons in the box above, and check facts at the source before you buy. > **Disputes are reported as allegations** Where a press report or a regulator describes a problem at a registrar, we give the source and its date. We do not repeat claims we could not trace to a named source. ## Questions about offshore domain registrars ### What is an offshore domain registrar? It is a registrar, or a registration service, whose operating company sits outside the customer's own country, often in a small jurisdiction. The point is procedural: complaints and data requests go through the courts of that country. PanamaRegistrar answers to Panamanian courts and works through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner. The extension's registry still applies its own law, so a .com stays reachable through Verisign in the United States. ### Is an offshore registrar out of reach of US courts? No. A US court can order Verisign, the .com and .net registry in Reston, Virginia, to lock, transfer or cancel a domain. US law also allows trademark owners to sue the domain itself, in rem, where the registry sits. Choose an extension whose registry is outside the US if that matters to you; see the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). ### Which offshore registrar accepts Monero? Njalla, OrangeWebsite, 1984 Hosting and Incognet list Monero (XMR), per their pages or the secondary sources cited here. FlokiNET is reported to accept it unofficially. PanamaRegistrar does not accept Monero: we take BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC, from a prepaid balance with a minimum top-up of $25. ### Do offshore registrars ask for ID? Most in this ranking ask only for an email address. ICANN requires every accredited registrar to verify the registrant's email within 15 days, so an email is always needed. Namecheap and Porkbun, two US registrars, may ask flagged or selected accounts for a photo ID through Veriff. PanamaRegistrar asks for no ID document, no selfie and no ID number. ### How much does a .com cost at an offshore registrar? In October 2026 the public .com prices we found at the offshore operators sit between $15.99 a year (1984 Hosting) and €18.90 (OrangeWebsite). PanamaRegistrar charges $11.99, the same to renew and to transfer. Njalla charges €15. Euro prices change in dollars with the exchange rate. Every one of our prices is on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ### Will an offshore registrar keep a phishing site online? It should not. ICANN's 2024 amendment to the registrar contract requires prompt action on well-documented DNS abuse: phishing, malware, botnets and pharming. PanamaRegistrar suspends phishing, malware and fraud within 24 hours of a well-documented report. Child sexual abuse material is acted on immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. Reports go to abuse@panamaregistrar.com, with no account needed. ### Why is PanamaRegistrar not in the ranking? Because we publish this page, and a ranking that places its own publisher would not be independent. Our facts are shown in the same format, with our cons, so that you can compare. What we cannot show yet is a history of figures: the first transparency report is due January 2027. If a long record matters most, Njalla and OrangeWebsite score better on that point. ### Can I move my domain away later? Yes. At PanamaRegistrar the transfer code is free, from your account, at any time, except in the 60 days after a registration or a transfer (ICANN Transfer Policy) and while a UDRP or court lock applies, with no exit fee. The other registrars in this ranking also let domains leave, under the transfer rules of each registry. Coming in costs one year at our transfer price, $11.99 for a .com. ## Sources 1. [Njalla pricing](https://njal.la/pricing/) — Njalla (checked 2026-10-08) 2. [Njalla FAQ (payment methods)](https://njal.la/faq/) — Njalla (checked 2026-10-08) 3. [Njalla has silently changed: a word of caution](https://xn--gckvb8fzb.com/njalla-has-silently-changed-a-word-of-caution/) — Independent blog (2025-09-14) 4. [Can't decide on domain registrar (Njalla terms quoted)](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/cant-decide-on-domain-registrar/10830/8) — Privacy Guides forum (2023, checked 2026-10-08) 5. [EU piracy watchlist adds IPFS, FitGirl and Njalla](https://torrentfreak.com/eu-piracy-watchlist-adds-ipfs-fitgirl-and-njalla-250523/) — TorrentFreak (2025-05-23) 6. [Report on Njalla .tv domains placed on serverHold](https://torrentfreak.com/?p=247434) — TorrentFreak (February 2024) 7. [Domain price list](https://www.orangewebsite.com/domains/domain-price-list) — OrangeWebsite (checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Bitcoin and crypto currency payments](https://www.orangewebsite.com/company/bitcoin-crypto-currency) — OrangeWebsite (checked 2026-10-08) 9. [How to choose a domain name registrar](https://forum.selfprivacy.org/t/how-to-chose-domain-name-registrar/99) — SelfPrivacy forum (2025-06-23) 10. [About 1984](https://1984.hosting/about/) — 1984 ehf (checked 2026-10-08) 11. [1984 Hosting FAQ](https://1984.hosting/faq/) — 1984 ehf (checked 2026-10-08) 12. [1984 Hosting price list](https://1984.hosting/product/pricelist/) — 1984 ehf (checked 2026-10-08) 13. [FlokiNET plan listing](https://www.whtop.com/plans/flokinet.is/141187) — WHTop (checked 2026-10-08) 14. [FlokiNET comment on the PPSAI initial report](https://forum.icann.org/lists/comments-ppsai-initial-05may15/msg03764.html) — ICANN public comment forum (2015) 15. [Incognet](https://reclaimthenet.org/recommended-tool/incognet) — Reclaim The Net (checked 2026-10-08) 16. [NiceNIC home page](https://www.nicenic.net/) — NiceNIC (checked 2026-10-08) 17. [Identity and payment verification](https://www.namecheap.com/support/knowledgebase/article.aspx/10520/45/identity-and-payment-verification) — Namecheap (updated 2026-05-25, checked 2026-10-19) 18. [How do I add funds to my Namecheap account using BTCPay?](https://www.namecheap.com/support/knowledgebase/article.aspx/10312/2200/how-do-i-add-funds-to-my-namecheap-account-using-btcpay/) — Namecheap (checked 2026-10-08) 19. [Namecheap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namecheap) — Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-19) 20. [ICANN sends breach notice to Trustname](https://domainnamewire.com/2026/06/10/icann-sends-breach-notice-to-trustname/) — Domain Name Wire (2026-06-10) 21. [Notice of termination of registrar accreditation (Trustname)](https://www.icann.org/uploads/compliance_notice/attachment/1367/hedlund-to-nestsiarovich-27aug26.pdf) — ICANN Contractual Compliance (2026-08-27) 22. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement, with specifications](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-08) 23. [Advisory: compliance with DNS abuse obligations in the RAA and RA](https://icann.org/resources/pages/advisory-compliance-dns-abuse-obligations-raa-ra-2024-02-05-en) — ICANN (2024-02-05) 24. [Root Zone Database (.com, .net, .de, .ch)](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) 25. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Procesal Penal art. 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (2025-08-05, checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Buy a domain with crypto: coins, networks, steps > Buy a domain with crypto at PanamaRegistrar: BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL or LTC, minimum top-up $25, no KYC. Networks, steps and balance rules. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/buy-domain-with-crypto/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Which coin on which network, how a top-up finds your account, what happens to the balance, and the one coin we do not take. **Quick answer — How do I buy a domain with crypto at PanamaRegistrar?** **PanamaRegistrar** lets you buy a domain with crypto: BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC. You top up a prepaid balance (minimum $25), send the exact amount on the exact network, and the top-up is credited after the network confirmations. A .com costs $11.99 a year. Monero is not accepted, as of October 2026. ## Crypto payment: key facts | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Coins | Bitcoin (BTC), Tether (USDT), USD Coin (USDC), Ethereum (ETH), Solana (SOL), Litecoin (LTC) | | Stablecoin networks | USDT on Tron (TRC-20) or Ethereum (ERC-20); USDC on Ethereum (ERC-20) | | Minimum top-up | $25 | | How your payment is found | By its exact amount, shown on the payment page | | When it is credited | After the network confirmations, once the transaction is checked | | Monero (XMR) | Not accepted | | Card, bank, PayPal | Not accepted: crypto only | | Example price | .com $11.99/year, the same to renew and to transfer | ## Which coins and networks can I use to buy a domain? Six coins, seven coin-and-network pairs. Pick the pair on the payment page, then send that coin on that network only. | Coin | Network | Good to know | | --- | --- | --- | | Bitcoin (BTC) | Bitcoin | Network fee varies with demand | | Tether (USDT) | Tron (TRC-20) | Stable in dollars; needs TRX for the fee in your wallet | | Tether (USDT) | Ethereum (ERC-20) | Stable in dollars; fee paid in ETH | | USD Coin (USDC) | Ethereum (ERC-20) | Stable in dollars; fee paid in ETH | | Ether (ETH) | Ethereum | Ethereum mainnet | | Solana (SOL) | Solana | Low fees | | Litecoin (LTC) | Litecoin | Low fees | Funds sent on another network or in another coin cannot be recovered. The network fee is paid by the sender, on top of the amount. ## Do you accept Monero? No. Monero (XMR) is not accepted, at checkout or through support. The coins we take are the ones listed above: BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC. We say it plainly because many guides assume every registrar paid in crypto takes Monero. If XMR is the only coin you hold, you would need to exchange it before topping up, and the exchange you use may apply its own identity rules. ## How payment works, step by step The same five steps for every top-up, whatever the coin. Deposit addresses appear only on the payment page in your account, never on this site. 1. **Top up $25 or more** — Choose the amount and the coin (BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC). The crypto amount and its rate are locked for 30 minutes. 2. **Send it to the address shown, on the exact network** — The payment page shows our deposit address for the coin and network you picked: BTC on Bitcoin, USDT on Tron (TRC-20) or Ethereum (ERC-20), USDC on Ethereum (ERC-20), ETH on Ethereum, SOL on Solana, LTC on Litecoin. Send only that coin on that network: funds sent on another network or in another coin can’t be recovered. The network fee comes on top of the amount. 3. **Send the exact amount shown, then click “I’ve sent the payment”** — Each top-up has its own exact amount (down to the last decimals): that is how we find your payment and link it to your account. 4. **Credited once your payment is checked on the blockchain** — Your balance is credited once we have checked the transaction on the blockchain, after the network has confirmed it. Typical network confirmation times: 5. **One balance for every domain** — If you started from a domain search, the top-up is the price of your cart (or the minimum, for a smaller cart), and the domain is registered once the top-up is credited. What is left stays on your balance for renewals, transfers and new domains. Unused balance stays on your account and never expires, and it pays for new domains, renewals and transfers. When a purchase costs less than the minimum top-up, the part added only to reach the minimum is refundable on request to support within 30 days of the payment, in USDT or USDC, as long as it has not been spent. The rest of the balance is not paid back, except where the law requires it. | Crypto | Network | Confirmations | Usual time | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Bitcoin (BTC) | Bitcoin | 2 | ≈ 20 min | | Tether (USDT) | Tron (TRC-20) | 20 | ≈ 1 min | | Tether (USDT) | Ethereum (ERC-20) | 12 | ≈ 5 min | | USD Coin (USDC) | Ethereum (ERC-20) | 12 | ≈ 5 min | | Ethereum (ETH) | Ethereum | 12 | ≈ 5 min | | Solana (SOL) | Solana | 1 | ≈ 1 min | | Litecoin (LTC) | Litecoin | 6 | ≈ 15 min | Closed the tab? The pending top-up stays under Billing in your account: open it to see the address and the exact amount again. ## How do I buy a domain with crypto from start to finish? Six moves, from search to a working domain. 1. **Search** the name on [the domain search](https://panamaregistrar.com/app/domains/?lang=en). For .io, .co and .me, availability is confirmed by the registry only when the order is placed. 2. **Add it to the cart**, with Domain protection if you want the domain in our company's name (+$29/year). 3. **Top up.** The top-up equals the price of your cart, or the minimum of $25 for a smaller cart. 4. **Send the exact amount on the exact network** to the address shown on the payment page, then confirm that you have sent it. 5. **Wait for the credit.** The top-up is credited after the network confirmations, and the domain is registered once it is credited. 6. **Confirm your email** for the domain. ICANN rules require it to be verified within 15 days, or the domain is suspended. The email is the only contact data asked along the way: no name, no address, no ID document. See [no-KYC domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/). ## What do you record about a crypto payment? Only what is needed to credit your balance. Each top-up has its own exact amount, down to the last decimals, and that amount is how the payment is matched to your account on the payment page. - **What we keep**: the top-up (amount, coin, network, date) and the account it credited, so your balance and orders add up. These are part of the records listed on [what we hold about you](https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/). - **What we do not ask for**: who owns the sending wallet, which exchange you used, or where the funds came from. - **What is public anyway**: a transaction on Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tron, Solana or Litecoin is visible to anyone on that blockchain. We cannot hide it, and we do not claim to. Payment records follow our general rule: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). ## What happens to my balance after a top-up? It stays on your account and pays for domains, renewals and transfers. The exact rule: Unused balance stays on your account and never expires, and it pays for new domains, renewals and transfers. When a purchase costs less than the minimum top-up, the part added only to reach the minimum is refundable on request to support within 30 days of the payment, in USDT or USDC, as long as it has not been spent. The rest of the balance is not paid back, except where the law requires it. In practice this means two things. First, it is wise to top up close to what you plan to spend, since a balance is not a wallet. Second, the minimum of $25 only matters for small carts; a cart above it is topped up at its own price. ## How much does a domain cost in crypto? Prices are set in US dollars; you pay the crypto equivalent shown on the payment page. One price per extension: first year, renewal and transfer cost the same. Every extension is on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). | Extension | Per year | With Domain protection | | --- | --- | --- | | .com | $11.99 | +$29 | | .net | $12.99 | +$29 | | .org | $12.99 | +$29 | | .xyz | $11.99 | +$29 | | .io | $52.99 | +$29 | | .ai | $85.49 (minimum 2 years) | +$29 | ## Paying for a domain with crypto: questions ### Which crypto is best for paying a domain? A stablecoin, if you want the amount to stay put: USDT on Tron (TRC-20) or USDC on Ethereum (ERC-20) are worth the same in dollars when they arrive. SOL and LTC have low network fees. BTC works too, but its fee varies with demand. Whatever you pick, send it on the network chosen on the payment page. ### Do you accept Monero for domains? No. Monero (XMR) is not accepted, and there is no workaround through support. We accept BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC. If your funds are in XMR, you would need to exchange them first; the exchange may have its own identity rules, which are outside our control. ### What is the minimum payment? The minimum top-up is $25. A cart that costs less is topped up to the minimum, and the rest stays on your balance for renewals or another domain; that added part is refundable on request within 30 days, in USDT or USDC, if it has not been spent. A cart that costs more is topped up at its exact price. The balance rule is on this page and in the [terms](https://panamaregistrar.com/legal/terms/). ### What if I send the wrong amount? The exact amount is how your payment is matched, so a different amount cannot be linked to your top-up on its own. Write to support@panamaregistrar.com with the exact amount, the coin, the network and the time you sent it, so the payment can be found. Funds sent on the wrong network or in the wrong coin cannot be recovered. ### How long does it take for a payment to be credited? It depends on the network's confirmations, which the payment-steps table above lists per coin. The top-up is credited after those confirmations, once the transaction is checked, and a domain in your cart is registered once the top-up is credited. We do not promise a fixed delay, because block times vary. ### Can I get a refund in crypto? Only where the balance rule allows it. Here is that rule as it stands: Unused balance stays on your account and never expires, and it pays for new domains, renewals and transfers. When a purchase costs less than the minimum top-up, the part added only to reach the minimum is refundable on request to support within 30 days of the payment, in USDT or USDC, as long as it has not been spent. The rest of the balance is not paid back, except where the law requires it. Refund requests go to support@panamaregistrar.com. ### Do I need an account or ID to pay? You need an account, identified by a random account number, and one verified email per domain. You do not need an ID document, a selfie or a phone number, and the payment page asks for none. ICANN rules require the email to be verified within 15 days, or the domain is suspended. See [no-KYC domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/). **Find a domain and pay in crypto** .com $11.99/year · minimum top-up $25 · BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC. [Search a domain](https://panamaregistrar.com/app/domains/?lang=en) · [See all prices](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/) ## Sources 1. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement, Whois Accuracy Program Specification (15-day verification)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Root Zone Database: .com](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/com.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Epik compared: US ownership vs Panamanian jurisdiction > Epik alternative in October 2026: Epik is now owned by US firm Registered Agents Inc. Jurisdiction, crypto (not confirmed at Epik) and a $15.99 vs $11.99 .com. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/epik/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Epik changed hands in 2023 and repositioned itself for small businesses. If you chose it years ago for its old reputation, here is what is documented today, and how PanamaRegistrar differs. **Quick answer — How does Epik compare with a service under Panamanian law in 2026?** Epik's registrar business was sold in June 2023 to Epik LLC, a company of Registered Agents Inc., a US firm, so US courts reach it directly. **PanamaRegistrar** answers to Panamanian law, as of October 2026: it publishes its complaint procedure, takes 6 cryptocurrencies, and charges $11.99 for a .com against $15.99 at Epik. ## Epik and PanamaRegistrar in seven lines | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Epik's owner | Registered Agents Inc. (United States), through Epik LLC; sale in June 2023, announced February 2024 | | ICANN accreditation | Transferred from Epik Inc to Epik LLC with ICANN approval (reported 4 February 2024) | | Our operator | DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama, working through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner | | Crypto at Epik | Not confirmed in 2026 (Bitcoin announced in 2016) | | Crypto here | BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC | | .com price | Epik $15.99 first year and renewal (8 October 2026) · PanamaRegistrar $11.99/year | | Written takedown procedure | Epik: not reviewed · PanamaRegistrar: [published](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) | ## Epik vs PanamaRegistrar, side by side Ownership facts come from DomainIncite (4 February 2024) and TechRadar. Epik prices come from domainoffer.net, updated 8 October 2026. We could not confirm Epik's payment methods for 2026. | | Epik | PanamaRegistrar | | --- | --- | --- | | Owner | Registered Agents Inc., via Epik LLC | DomaineGoat LLC | | Country of the operator | United States | Panama | | Stated focus | Small businesses and entrepreneurs (per Epik, February 2024) | Domains under a written procedure, paid in crypto | | ID document | Not confirmed | No | | Crypto | Not confirmed in 2026 | BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC | | .com, first year / renewal | $15.99 / $15.99 | $11.99 / $11.99 | | .net | $14.95 | $12.99 | | .org | $13.95 | $12.99 | | .io | $55.95 | $52.99 | | Takedown on a complaint alone | — (policy not reviewed for this page) | No, except phishing, malware, botnets, CSAM and fraud on a documented report | | Customer data released on | — (policy not reviewed for this page) | Only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case | | Transparency report on complaints | — (none found) | every quarter, first January 2027 | *Prices checked on October 8, 2026.* Epik prices are the same for registration and renewal in the domainoffer.net data. 'Not confirmed' means no current, dated source was found. ## Who owns Epik in 2026? Registered Agents Inc., a US registered agent company, through a subsidiary called Epik LLC. DomainIncite reported on 4 February 2024 that Registered Agents had announced the purchase of key Epik assets. The same report says Epik LLC bought Epik Inc.'s business the previous June, that is June 2023. ICANN approved the transfer of Epik's registrar accreditation from Epik Inc to Epik LLC in the week before that report. According to DomainIncite, Epik and ICANN said the new company is independent of the former owners. TechRadar covered the sale under the headline "the world's most controversial domain registrar has a new owner". That is TechRadar's description, not a legal finding. We found no 2026 report of a further change of owner. ## What changed at Epik after the sale? By Epik's own account, reported by DomainIncite in February 2024, three things changed. It said it had removed problematic clients, updated its terms of service and refocused on small businesses and entrepreneurs. That matters if you picked Epik years ago for a hands-off reputation. The company you contract with today is a different legal entity, with a US owner and a stated business focus. Older reviews and lists that still describe Epik as it was before 2023 may be out of date. We do not judge Epik's current practice; we could not review its complaint or disclosure policy for this page. What we can say is where each company stands in law: Epik LLC answers to US courts directly, and we answer to Panamanian courts. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. ## Does Epik still accept crypto? Not confirmed. Epik announced Bitcoin payments in October 2016, as reported by OnlineDomain at the time. Many lists still repeat that fact. We found no current, dated Epik page confirming crypto payment in 2026, so we mark it 'not confirmed'. PanamaRegistrar accepts crypto only: Bitcoin (BTC), Tether (USDT), USD Coin (USDC), Ethereum (ETH), Solana (SOL), Litecoin (LTC). You top up a prepaid balance, minimum $25, and pay registrations, renewals and transfers from it. Send the exact amount on the exact network; the top-up is credited after the network confirmations. Monero is not accepted. See [buying a domain with crypto](https://panamaregistrar.com/buy-domain-with-crypto/). ## How do Epik's prices compare? On the four extensions we compared, PanamaRegistrar is lower, at the October 2026 data. Epik charged $15.99 for a .com, $14.95 for a .net, $13.95 for a .org and $55.95 for a .io, per domainoffer.net on 8 October 2026. We charge $11.99, $12.99, $12.99 and $52.99. Both keep the renewal equal to the first year on these extensions, so there is no renewal jump at either. A transfer to us costs one year at our transfer price, $11.99 for a .com, and adds that year. All 43 extensions are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## What happens to a complaint at PanamaRegistrar? It is logged and sorted into one of two tracks. Every complaint gets an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number; with Domain protection, it is also read by a person before any action on the domain. - **Strict exceptions.** Phishing, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended on a well-documented report. - **Everything else waits for a court.** Copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints need a decision from a Panamanian court. A foreign judgment must first be recognised in Panama by exequatur. You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. Trademark disputes follow the UDRP, as ICANN requires: the domain is locked within 2 business days of the provider's request. The full steps are on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page, and trademark cases on [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/). ## Questions about Epik and PanamaRegistrar ### Who owns Epik now? Registered Agents Inc., a US company, through Epik LLC. DomainIncite reported the announced purchase of key Epik assets on 4 February 2024. It also reported that Epik LLC bought the business in June 2023. ICANN approved the transfer of the registrar accreditation to Epik LLC shortly before that report. ### Is Epik still a registrar in 2026? Yes, as far as the sources we checked show. Epik LLC holds the ICANN accreditation transferred from Epik Inc in early 2024, and domainoffer.net listed Epik prices on 8 October 2026. We found no 2026 report of a closure or a new sale. PanamaRegistrar is operated by DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama, through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner. ### Does Epik accept Bitcoin in 2026? Not confirmed. Epik announced Bitcoin payments in 2016, but we found no current, dated Epik page confirming crypto in 2026. PanamaRegistrar accepts BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC from a prepaid balance with a minimum top-up of $25. Monero is not accepted. ### Is a .com cheaper at Epik or PanamaRegistrar? At PanamaRegistrar, at the October 2026 data. Epik's .com was $15.99 for registration and renewal on 8 October 2026, per domainoffer.net. We charge $11.99, the same to renew and to transfer. Prices change, so check both before you move a large portfolio. ### Why does Epik's new owner matter to me? Because the company that holds your contract and your data changed. Epik LLC is owned by a US company and answers to US courts directly. Its stated focus since 2024 is small businesses. If you picked Epik for its earlier reputation, check its current terms before relying on old reviews. ### How do I move domains from Epik to PanamaRegistrar? Unlock each domain at Epik and get its transfer code. Start the transfer from your PanamaRegistrar account and pay one year at our transfer price, $11.99 for a .com, which adds a year to a generic extension. The transfer code here is free if you later want to leave, outside ICANN's 60-day transfer lock after a registration or a transfer. ### Can a US court still reach my .com at PanamaRegistrar? Yes, through the registry. Verisign, which runs .com and .net, is in Reston, Virginia, and a US court can order it directly. Moving from Epik to us changes the law that governs the company you deal with, not the registry's. See [can a foreign court seize my domain?](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/can-a-foreign-court-seize-my-domain/). ## Sources 1. [Epik gets acquired again, the plot thickens](https://domainincite.com/29434-epik-gets-acquired-again-the-plot-thickens) — DomainIncite (2024-02-04) 2. [The world's most controversial domain registrar has a new owner, and apparently it is forging a new path](https://www.techradar.com/pro/the-worlds-most-controversial-domain-registrar-has-a-new-owner-and-apparently-it-is-forging-a-new-path) — TechRadar (2024, checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Epik announces support for Bitcoin domain name transactions](https://onlinedomain.com/2016/10/13/domain-name-news/epik-announces-support-bitcoin-domain-name-transactions/) — OnlineDomain (2016-10-13) 4. [.com prices by registrar](https://domainoffer.net/tld/com) — domainoffer.net (prices updated 2026-10-08) 5. [UDRP Rules, paragraph 4 (lock within two business days)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-rules-2015-03-11-en) — ICANN (effective 2015-07-31, checked 2026-10-19) 6. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015 (Código de Derecho Internacional Privado), arts. 155–157](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan) (2015-10-08, checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Procesal Penal art. 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (2025-08-05, checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Root Zone Database: .com](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/com.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Namecheap compared: US vs Panamanian jurisdiction > Namecheap compared with PanamaRegistrar in October 2026: Arizona vs Panama jurisdiction, Veriff ID checks, BTCPay vs a crypto balance, and one flat .com price. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/namecheap/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Namecheap is one of the most cited registrars in the world, and it is American. This page compares the legal setting, the ID rules and crypto payment, with dates. **Quick answer — How does Namecheap compare with a registration service outside the US?** Namecheap, Inc. is in Phoenix, Arizona, so US courts reach it directly, and it may ask flagged accounts for an ID and selfie via Veriff. **PanamaRegistrar** answers to Panamanian law, as of October 2026: no ID, a .com at $11.99/year every year, and action on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. ## Namecheap and PanamaRegistrar in seven lines | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Namecheap's operator | Namecheap, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona, United States | | Our operator | DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama, working through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner | | ID checks at Namecheap | Government ID and selfie through Veriff when an account is flagged (help page updated 25 May 2026) | | ID checks here | None: one verified email per domain | | Crypto at Namecheap | Bitcoin through BTCPay or BitPay, as account funds | | Crypto here | BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC | | .com price | Namecheap: promo first year with a code, renewal price varies · PanamaRegistrar $11.99/year, the same every year | ## Namecheap vs PanamaRegistrar, side by side Namecheap facts come from its help pages; the identity page was re-read on 19 October 2026. We do not quote Namecheap prices: its promo and renewal prices change often, and the sources we read disagreed in October 2026. | | Namecheap | PanamaRegistrar | | --- | --- | --- | | Country of the operator | United States (Phoenix, Arizona) | Panama | | Courts that bind the operator directly | US courts | Panamanian courts; foreign judgments after exequatur | | ID document | Possible: government ID and selfie via Veriff for flagged accounts | No ID, no selfie, no ID number | | Card and PayPal | Yes | No | | Crypto | BTC via BTCPay (any wallet, $1 to $100,000 per deposit) or BitPay | BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC | | Stablecoins (USDT, USDC) | — (not listed on the pages we read) | Yes | | .com price | Promo first year with a new-customer code; renewal price varies (see namecheap.com) | $11.99/year, the same to renew and transfer | | Takedown on a complaint alone | — (policy not reviewed for this page) | No, except phishing, malware, botnets, CSAM and fraud on a documented report | | Customer data released on | — (policy not reviewed for this page) | Only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case | | Transparency report on complaints | — (none found) | every quarter, first January 2027 | *Prices checked on October 19, 2026.* A dash means we did not find or did not review a written statement. ## Where is Namecheap based, and why does it matter? Namecheap, Inc. is based in Phoenix, Arizona. That places the company itself under US federal and Arizona law. A US court order, a federal seizure warrant or a US subpoena can be served on it at home, without any treaty step. PanamaRegistrar is operated by DomaineGoat LLC, incorporated in Panama, through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. A US order reaches us only through Panamanian law. A civil judgment must first be recognised by the Fourth Chamber of Panama's Supreme Court, under articles 155 to 157 of Law 61 of 2015. A criminal request usually travels under the US–Panama mutual legal assistance treaty, in force since 6 September 1995. One point is the same at both: a .com is managed by Verisign in Reston, Virginia. A US court can order the registry directly, whoever the registrar is. Read [can a foreign court seize my domain?](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/can-a-foreign-court-seize-my-domain/) for how that works. ## Does Namecheap ask for ID? Sometimes. Namecheap's help page on identity and payment verification, updated 25 May 2026, says it uses Veriff. When its system flags an account, the Risk Management department emails a Veriff link. You then photograph a valid government-issued ID and take a selfie, on a smartphone. The link is valid for 7 days. The page also says you may be asked to verify your payment, identity or residence. PanamaRegistrar asks for no ID document, no selfie and no ID number. Your account has a random number, with no name, address or phone asked. Each domain needs one email address that you confirm, because ICANN requires registrars to verify it within 15 days. It is never published. See [no-KYC domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/). ## Can I pay Namecheap in crypto? Yes, but only Bitcoin and only as account funds. Namecheap documents two routes. BTCPay accepts any wallet, with deposits from $1 to $100,000, and the funds are not refundable. BitPay requires a BitPay wallet. Namecheap has accepted Bitcoin since 2013, and the BTCPay project reported 1.1 million Namecheap transactions between May 2020 and October 2024. PanamaRegistrar is crypto only. We take Bitcoin (BTC), Tether (USDT), USD Coin (USDC), Ethereum (ETH), Solana (SOL), Litecoin (LTC). You top up a balance, minimum $25, and pay registrations, renewals and transfers from it. Send the exact amount on the exact network; the top-up is credited after the network confirmations. Unused balance stays on your account and never expires, and it pays for new domains, renewals and transfers. When a purchase costs less than the minimum top-up, the part added only to reach the minimum is refundable on request to support within 30 days of the payment, in USDT or USDC, as long as it has not been spent. The rest of the balance is not paid back, except where the law requires it. More on [buying a domain with crypto](https://panamaregistrar.com/buy-domain-with-crypto/). ## How do the prices work? At Namecheap, a new customer can use a promo code for the first year, and the renewal price is different. Both change often; check them on Namecheap's own pages on the day you buy. We do not quote them here, because the sources we read in October 2026 disagreed. At PanamaRegistrar the price is $11.99/year every year: three years cost three times $11.99. There is no first-year discount and no renewal jump. A transfer in also costs $11.99 and adds a year to a .com. On some extensions Namecheap will be lower in the first year. Check your own extension on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## How does each handle complaints about a domain? Our rules are public; we did not review Namecheap's complaint policy for this page. Every ICANN-accredited registrar, Namecheap and our registrar partner included, must act promptly on well-documented DNS abuse. The duty is in section 3.18.2 of the registrar contract, in force since 5 April 2024. At PanamaRegistrar, phishing, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended on a well-documented report. Everything else waits for a Panamanian court. A copyright notice, a defamation claim or a competitor's complaint does not suspend a domain on its own. With Domain protection, every complaint is also read by a person before any action on the domain. For court orders, we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. The steps are on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page; US-style copyright notices are covered on [DMCA notices](https://panamaregistrar.com/dmca-notices/). ## When is Namecheap the better choice? Namecheap is the better pick in four cases. - You want to pay by card or PayPal. - You want a very large catalogue. - You want hosting and email bundled with the domain. - You want a low first-year promo on a .com. Its long history and size are real strengths. PanamaRegistrar fits better if you want no ID check at any point and payment in stablecoins. It also fits if you want a flat price every year and a registrar bound by Panamanian courts. You can also split the two: keep business domains at a mainstream registrar and move publishing domains here. ## Questions about Namecheap and PanamaRegistrar ### Where is Namecheap located? Namecheap, Inc. is based in Phoenix, Arizona, in the United States. US courts and US authorities can therefore give orders to it directly. PanamaRegistrar is operated by DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama, where foreign judgments need exequatur before they bind us. ### Does Namecheap require ID verification? Only for accounts its system flags. Namecheap's help page, updated 25 May 2026, says flagged users receive a Veriff link. They must photograph a government-issued ID and take a selfie within 7 days. PanamaRegistrar never asks for an ID document, a selfie or an ID number. ### Which cryptocurrencies does Namecheap accept? Bitcoin, through BTCPay or BitPay, as funds added to the account. BTCPay deposits run from $1 to $100,000 and are not refundable. PanamaRegistrar accepts BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC into a prepaid balance with a minimum top-up of $25, including USDT on TRC-20 and ERC-20. ### Is Namecheap cheaper than PanamaRegistrar? For the first year of a .com, often yes, with a new-customer promo code. Namecheap's renewal price is different from that promo year, and both change often, so check them at Namecheap on the day you buy. Our price is the same every year: three years cost three times $11.99. ### Can I transfer a domain from Namecheap to PanamaRegistrar? Yes. Unlock the domain at Namecheap and get its transfer code. Then start the transfer from your PanamaRegistrar account and pay one year at our transfer price, $11.99 for a .com. A generic extension gains the year. Your email is verified within 15 days, as ICANN rules require. ### Will moving from Namecheap protect my .com from US courts? Not fully. The registrar moves to Panama, but the .com registry stays with Verisign in Reston, Virginia, and a US court can order it directly. Moving changes who you deal with for complaints and data requests. For registry exposure, see the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). ### Does PanamaRegistrar offer WHOIS privacy like Namecheap? Yes, free, wherever the extension allows it. For more, Domain protection costs +$29 a year. The registry and WHOIS then show DomaineGoat LLC instead of you. A transfer lock is on by default, and a person reads every complaint before any action. See [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). ## Sources 1. [Namecheap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namecheap) — Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Identity and payment verification](https://www.namecheap.com/support/knowledgebase/article.aspx/10520/45/identity-and-payment-verification) — Namecheap (updated 2026-05-25, checked 2026-10-19) 3. [How do I add funds to my Namecheap account using BTCPay?](https://www.namecheap.com/support/knowledgebase/article.aspx/10312/2200/how-do-i-add-funds-to-my-namecheap-account-using-btcpay/) — Namecheap (checked 2026-10-08) 4. [How do I add funds to my Namecheap account using BitPay?](https://namecheap.com/support/knowledgebase/article.aspx/10089/7/how-do-i-add-funds-to-my-namecheap-account-using-bitpay) — Namecheap (checked 2026-10-08) 5. [Case study: Namecheap](https://blog.btcpayserver.org/case-study-namecheap/) — BTCPay Server (2024-11-21) 6. [2024 global amendments to the RAA and RA (DNS abuse)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/global-amendment-2024-en) — ICANN (effective 2024-04-05, checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015 (Código de Derecho Internacional Privado), arts. 155–157](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan) (2015-10-08, checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Procesal Penal art. 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (2025-08-05, checked 2026-10-19) 9. [Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties of the United States](https://www.justice.gov/criminal-oia/file/1498806/download) — US Department of Justice, Office of International Affairs (April 2022, checked 2026-10-19) 10. [Root Zone Database: .com](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/com.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Njalla compared: Costa Rica vs Panamanian jurisdiction > Njalla compared with PanamaRegistrar in October 2026: Costa Rica vs Panama jurisdiction, who holds the domain, Monero, data rules and €15 vs $11.99. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/njalla/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Njalla and PanamaRegistrar both sit outside the usual registrar countries. They differ on who holds the domain, on Monero, and on how much of the procedure is written down. **Quick answer — How does Njalla compare with PanamaRegistrar on jurisdiction?** Njalla runs from Costa Rica and holds domains in its own name by default. **PanamaRegistrar** runs from Panama, as of October 2026: you stay the registrant unless you add Domain protection, we release data only on a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order or in a UDRP case, and a .com costs $11.99 against Njalla's €15. Njalla accepts Monero. ## Njalla and PanamaRegistrar in seven lines | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Njalla's operating company | njalla.srl, Costa Rica, since late 2024; Nevis before (blog post, 14 September 2025) | | Our operating company | DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama, working through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner | | Holder of record at Njalla | Njalla itself by default (terms quoted in 2023, secondary) | | Holder of record with us | You; or our company if you add Domain protection (+$29/year) | | .com price | Njalla €15 a year · PanamaRegistrar $11.99/year | | Monero (XMR) | Njalla yes · PanamaRegistrar no | | Budapest Convention on Cybercrime | Costa Rica a party since 1 January 2018 · Panama since 1 July 2014 | ## Njalla vs PanamaRegistrar, point by point Njalla facts come from its own pages or the dated secondary sources at the bottom. Njalla's site could not be read again on 19 October 2026, so its facts keep the 8 October date. | | Njalla | PanamaRegistrar | | --- | --- | --- | | Country of the operator | Costa Rica (njalla.srl), per a September 2025 blog post | Panama | | In operation since | 2017 (press coverage at launch) | Not stated: no founding year is published | | Who is the registrant of record | Njalla, unless you ask otherwise (terms quoted in 2023) | You by default; our company with [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) | | Data asked to open an account | Email or XMPP address (secondary) | A random account number; one verified email per domain | | ID document | No | No | | Cryptocurrencies | BTC, LTC, XMR, ETH; PayPal also listed | BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC | | Monero (XMR) | Yes | No | | .com, first year | €15 | $11.99 | | .com, renewal | €15 (flat yearly price) | $11.99 | | .io | €45 | $52.99 | | Takedown on a complaint alone | — (no written rule found) | No, except phishing, malware, botnets, CSAM and fraud on a documented report | | Customer data released on | — (no written rule found) | Only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case | | Written complaint procedure | — | Yes: [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) | | Transparency report | — | every quarter, first January 2027 | *Prices checked on October 8, 2026.* Njalla prices are flat per extension, in euros (njal.la/pricing, checked 2026-10-08). A dash means we found no written statement, not that the practice is absent. ## Who runs Njalla, and from which country? Njalla is run today by njalla.srl, a Costa Rican company, according to an independent blog post of 14 September 2025. The same post says the operator moved from Nevis in late 2024, without an announcement. We could not find a statement on Njalla's own pages that dates the move. Njalla has a public history since 2017. That is a real advantage: years of operation show how a provider behaves under pressure. It has also drawn attention. TorrentFreak reported on 23 May 2025 that the European Commission named Njalla on its Counterfeit and Piracy Watch List. That listing reflects complaints by rights holders; it is not a court finding. PanamaRegistrar is operated by DomaineGoat LLC, incorporated in Panama. We publish no founding year and no customer counts. What we publish instead is the procedure, step by step. ## What does Costa Rica vs Panama change when someone complains? On paper, both countries are parties to the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime. Costa Rica joined with effect from 1 January 2018, Panama from 1 July 2014. The convention organises cooperation between police and prosecutors; it does not let a foreign lawyer send orders to a registrar. One difference is bilateral. The US Department of Justice lists a mutual legal assistance treaty with Panama, in force since 6 September 1995. Its April 2022 list shows no such treaty with Costa Rica. A treaty request still goes through Panamanian authorities and a Panamanian decision before it reaches us. The bigger difference is what each provider writes down. We found no published Njalla rule on complaints or data release. Ours is public: copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints need a decision from a Panamanian court. A foreign judgment must first be recognised in Panama by exequatur. Details by country are on [jurisdictions compared](https://panamaregistrar.com/jurisdictions-compared/). ## Who legally holds the domain: you or the provider? At Njalla, the provider is the registrant of record by default. Its terms, as quoted on the Privacy Guides forum in 2023, register domains in Njalla's name and give you the use of them. Some users like this, because their name never reaches the registry. Others dislike it, because the legal holder is someone else. At PanamaRegistrar you choose. By default you are the registrant; WHOIS/RDAP privacy is included free wherever the registry allows it. With [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/), at +$29 a year, the registry and WHOIS show DomaineGoat LLC, never you. You stay the beneficial owner: full control, a free transfer code, and the domain goes back to your own name on request, free. One honest limit applies to both models. A trademark (UDRP) complaint names the registrant of record. With Domain protection that is our company; we tell you, and you can answer it. ## Which one should a Monero user pick? Njalla, if paying in Monero is the condition you cannot drop. Its FAQ lists BTC, LTC, XMR and ETH, plus PayPal. PanamaRegistrar does not accept Monero. We accept Bitcoin (BTC), Tether (USDT), USD Coin (USDC), Ethereum (ETH), Solana (SOL), Litecoin (LTC). You top up a prepaid balance, minimum $25, then register, renew or transfer from it. Send the exact amount on the exact network; the top-up is credited after the network confirmations. Details are on [buying a domain with crypto](https://panamaregistrar.com/buy-domain-with-crypto/). Price is the other side of the choice. Njalla charges a flat €15 a year for a .com and €45 for a .io. We charge $11.99 and $52.99, the same for each renewal. All 43 extensions are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## How to move a domain from Njalla to PanamaRegistrar A transfer keeps the domain live and, for a generic extension such as .com, adds one year. Njalla's own transfer-out steps are not documented in the sources we read, so step 1 depends on its support. 1. **Ask Njalla for the transfer code** — Because Njalla is usually the registrant of record, the code and unlock come from Njalla's side. 2. **Top up your balance** — One year at our transfer price, $11.99 for a .com, from a balance of at least $25. 3. **Start the transfer and verify the email** — Enter the domain and code. ICANN rules require the registrant email to be verified within 15 days. 4. **Choose who is shown** — Keep the domain in your name with free privacy, or add Domain protection so the registry shows our company. ## Questions about Njalla and PanamaRegistrar ### Is PanamaRegistrar a good Njalla alternative? It is if you want written rules and to hold the domain yourself. PanamaRegistrar publishes its complaint and data procedure, and you are the registrant unless you add Domain protection. Njalla remains better for Monero payment and has operated since 2017. Compare the two rows that matter most to you in the table above before deciding. ### Where is Njalla based in 2026? In Costa Rica, through njalla.srl, according to a blog post dated 14 September 2025. The same source says the operator was in Nevis until late 2024. We did not find a dated announcement on Njalla's own pages. PanamaRegistrar is operated by DomaineGoat LLC, incorporated in Panama. ### Does Njalla own my domain? By default, Njalla is the registrant of record, according to its terms as quoted in 2023 on the Privacy Guides forum. You get the use of the domain. At PanamaRegistrar you are the registrant by default. Our optional Domain protection puts our company on record but keeps you the beneficial owner, with a free hand-back. ### Does PanamaRegistrar accept Monero like Njalla? No. PanamaRegistrar accepts BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC, from a prepaid balance with a minimum top-up of $25. Njalla lists BTC, LTC, XMR and ETH, plus PayPal, on its FAQ. If Monero is a firm requirement, Njalla, OrangeWebsite or 1984 Hosting accept it. ### Is a .com cheaper at Njalla or at PanamaRegistrar? PanamaRegistrar charges $11.99 a year for a .com, and Njalla charges €15, as of October 2026. The dollar value of Njalla's price moves with the euro exchange rate. Both charge the same price to renew. Our transfer price is also $11.99, so moving in costs one year. ### Can a Costa Rican or Panamanian registrar stop a US court? No. A .com is held by Verisign in Reston, Virginia, and a US court can order the registry directly. This is true at Njalla and at PanamaRegistrar. Choosing an extension whose registry sits elsewhere changes that exposure; the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) lists the country of each registry. ### What does PanamaRegistrar do with a copyright complaint? Nothing on the domain without a decision from a Panamanian court. The complaint gets an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number. You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. With Domain protection, it is also read by a person before any action on the domain. A foreign judgment must be recognised in Panama by exequatur first. See the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/). ## Sources 1. [Njalla pricing](https://njal.la/pricing/) — Njalla (checked 2026-10-08) 2. [Njalla FAQ (payment methods)](https://njal.la/faq/) — Njalla (checked 2026-10-08) 3. [Njalla has silently changed: a word of caution](https://xn--gckvb8fzb.com/njalla-has-silently-changed-a-word-of-caution/) — Independent blog (2025-09-14) 4. [Can't decide on domain registrar (Njalla terms quoted)](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/cant-decide-on-domain-registrar/10830/8) — Privacy Guides forum (2023, checked 2026-10-08) 5. [EU piracy watchlist adds IPFS, FitGirl and Njalla](https://torrentfreak.com/eu-piracy-watchlist-adds-ipfs-fitgirl-and-njalla-250523/) — TorrentFreak (2025-05-23) 6. [Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 185 (Convention on Cybercrime)](https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=signatures-by-treaty&treatynum=185) — Council of Europe Treaty Office (checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Convention on Cybercrime: Costa Rica (accession 22 September 2017, in force 1 January 2018)](https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/treaties/parties/remarks/CR/952) — WIPO Lex (checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Convention on Cybercrime: Panama accession (in effect 1 July 2014)](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202993/volume-2993-A-40916.pdf) — United Nations Treaty Series (checked 2026-10-19) 9. [Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties of the United States](https://www.justice.gov/criminal-oia/file/1498806/download) — US Department of Justice, Office of International Affairs (April 2022, checked 2026-10-19) 10. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (Whois Accuracy Program Specification)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-08) 11. [Root Zone Database: .com](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/com.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) 12. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Procesal Penal art. 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (2025-08-05, checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # OrangeWebsite compared: Iceland vs Panama for your domain > OrangeWebsite vs PanamaRegistrar in October 2026: Iceland vs Panama law, data requests, WHOIS, Monero and four prices, from €18.90 vs $11.99 for a .com. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/orangewebsite/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) OrangeWebsite is an Icelandic host that also sells domains. PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian law with a written procedure. Here is what each one actually changes. **Quick answer — How does OrangeWebsite compare with PanamaRegistrar?** OrangeWebsite is an Icelandic host under EEA data rules; **PanamaRegistrar** sells domains only, under Panamanian law, as of October 2026. A .com costs $11.99 here against €18.90 there. We publish our complaint rules and release data only on a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order, or in a UDRP case. OrangeWebsite fits Icelandic hosting or Monero. ## The two providers at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | OrangeWebsite's country | Iceland, an EEA member: the GDPR applies there | | Our country | Panama: not in the EEA; personal data under Law 81 of 2019 | | Data asked at OrangeWebsite | A valid email address, per its home page | | Data asked here | A random account number and one verified email per domain | | .com price | OrangeWebsite €18.90 (checked 19 October 2026) · PanamaRegistrar $11.99/year | | Monero (XMR) | OrangeWebsite yes · PanamaRegistrar no | | Written takedown procedure | OrangeWebsite: none found · PanamaRegistrar: [published](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) | ## OrangeWebsite vs PanamaRegistrar OrangeWebsite prices were read on its domain price list on 19 October 2026. Other facts come from its pages or the dated secondary sources at the bottom. | | OrangeWebsite | PanamaRegistrar | | --- | --- | --- | | Main business | Web hosting, with domains | Domain registration | | Country of the operator | Iceland | Panama (DomaineGoat LLC) | | Data asked | A valid email address | One verified email per domain, never published | | ID document | No (none mentioned) | No | | Cryptocurrencies | BTC, LTC, ETH, BCH, XMR and others, via BitPay and CoinPayments | BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC | | Monero (XMR) | Yes | No | | .com | €18.90 | $11.99 | | .net | €22.00 | $12.99 | | .org | €26.90 | $12.99 | | .io | €92.00 | $52.99 | | Renewal price | Not listed separately; the page says prices 'always stay the same' | Same as the first year | | Who appears in WHOIS | — (not documented on the pages we read) | Privacy free where the registry allows; our company with [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) | | Customer data released on | An Icelandic court order (forum post, 23 June 2025) | Only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case | | Takedown on a complaint alone | — (no written rule found) | No, except phishing, malware, botnets, CSAM and fraud on a documented report | | Transparency report | — (none found) | every quarter, first January 2027 | *Prices checked on October 19, 2026.* Euro prices as published, without conversion. 'Forum' rows are secondary sources: we found no matching policy page on OrangeWebsite's own site. ## Why do people choose OrangeWebsite? Mainly for Iceland and for Monero. OrangeWebsite is an Icelandic host listed in privacy directories such as kycnot.me. Its home page says it asks only for a valid email address. It takes BTC, LTC, ETH, BCH and XMR through BitPay and CoinPayments. It also has a longer public record than we do. A SelfPrivacy forum post of 23 June 2025 says it releases data only on an Icelandic court order. We could not find that rule on OrangeWebsite's own pages, so treat it as reported, not published. If you need hosting and a domain under one Icelandic account, OrangeWebsite does both. PanamaRegistrar sells domains only. You can point our domains at any host, using our nameservers or yours. ## Iceland or Panama: what changes for a data request? The main change is the legal path a request must follow. In Iceland the GDPR applies, because Iceland is in the European Economic Area. A rights holder or police force will use Icelandic procedure and EEA data rules. In Panama, personal data falls under Law 81 of 2019, in force since 29 March 2021. Its article 24 says data must be handed to the competent judicial authorities when duly requested, and bulk requests are never admitted. Our rule follows that line: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. Both countries are parties to the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime: Iceland since 1 May 2007, Panama since 1 July 2014. The US Department of Justice lists a bilateral treaty on criminal evidence with Panama (in force 6 September 1995), and none with Iceland. Full grid: [jurisdictions compared](https://panamaregistrar.com/jurisdictions-compared/). Our rule in detail: [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). ## How much do the two charge for .com, .net, .org and .io? PanamaRegistrar is lower on all four extensions we compared, at the October 2026 prices. OrangeWebsite lists €18.90 for a .com, €22.00 for a .net, €26.90 for a .org and €92.00 for a .io. We charge $11.99, $12.99, $12.99 and $52.99. Two cautions apply. OrangeWebsite prices are in euros, so their dollar value moves with the exchange rate. And its price list does not show a separate renewal price, although the page says prices always stay the same. Our rule is simple: one price per extension, for the first year, every renewal and a transfer in. Payment is in crypto only, from a prepaid balance with a minimum top-up of $25. The full list of 43 extensions is on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## What happens when someone complains about my domain? At PanamaRegistrar, the answer is written down. Every complaint gets an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number; with Domain protection, it is also read by a person before any action on the domain. Copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints need a decision from a Panamanian court. A foreign judgment must first be recognised in Panama by exequatur, before the Fourth Chamber of the Supreme Court. Phishing, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material and fraud that takes money from victims are the exceptions. They are suspended on a well-documented report. You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. We found no equivalent written procedure for domains on OrangeWebsite's pages. That does not mean it acts on every complaint; it means you cannot check in advance. Our full steps and time limits are on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page. ## When is OrangeWebsite the better choice? OrangeWebsite is the better pick in three cases. - **You pay in Monero.** We do not accept XMR. - **You want hosting and domain from one Icelandic provider.** We sell domains only. - **You value years of public history.** Our first transparency report is due January 2027, so we have no figures to show yet. PanamaRegistrar is the better pick when the written procedure, the price per extension, or a Panamanian legal path matters more. In both cases the registry keeps its own jurisdiction: a .com stays under Verisign in Reston, Virginia. Check the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) before you choose an extension. ## Questions about OrangeWebsite and PanamaRegistrar ### Where is OrangeWebsite based? In Iceland. OrangeWebsite is an Icelandic hosting company that also sells domain names. Iceland is in the European Economic Area, so the GDPR applies to it. PanamaRegistrar is operated by DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama, outside the EEA. ### How much is a .com at OrangeWebsite? €18.90, per OrangeWebsite's domain price list read on 19 October 2026. The .net is €22.00, the .org €26.90 and the .io €92.00. At PanamaRegistrar a .com costs $11.99, the same to renew and to transfer. All our prices are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ### Does OrangeWebsite release data only on a court order? A SelfPrivacy forum post of 23 June 2025 says it releases data only on an Icelandic court order. We did not find that rule on OrangeWebsite's own pages. PanamaRegistrar publishes its rule: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. ### Can I pay PanamaRegistrar in Monero, as at OrangeWebsite? No. PanamaRegistrar accepts BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC, from a prepaid balance with a minimum top-up of $25. OrangeWebsite takes Monero along with BTC, LTC, ETH and BCH through BitPay and CoinPayments. If Monero is required, OrangeWebsite fits that need better. ### Does Iceland protect my domain better than Panama? Not in the way that matters most: neither country controls the .com registry. Verisign in Reston, Virginia, does, and a US court can order it directly. Iceland adds GDPR rules; Panama adds Law 81 of 2019 and the exequatur filter on foreign judgments. Compare both on [jurisdictions compared](https://panamaregistrar.com/jurisdictions-compared/). ### Can I host my site at OrangeWebsite and register the domain with PanamaRegistrar? Yes. Register the domain here, then point its nameservers or its A and AAAA records at your host. The client area manages A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT and CAA records. Splitting registrar and host also splits the two places where a complaint can land. ### How do I transfer a domain from OrangeWebsite? Ask OrangeWebsite for the transfer code, then start the transfer from your PanamaRegistrar account. A transfer in costs one year at our transfer price, $11.99 for a .com, and adds that year to a generic extension. ICANN rules require the registrant email to be verified within 15 days. ## Sources 1. [Domain price list](https://www.orangewebsite.com/domains/domain-price-list) — OrangeWebsite (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [OrangeWebsite home page](https://www.orangewebsite.com/) — OrangeWebsite (checked 2026-10-08) 3. [Bitcoin and crypto currency payments](https://www.orangewebsite.com/company/bitcoin-crypto-currency) — OrangeWebsite (checked 2026-10-08) 4. [How to choose a domain name registrar](https://forum.selfprivacy.org/t/how-to-chose-domain-name-registrar/99) — SelfPrivacy forum (2025-06-23) 5. [KYCnot.me, Domains category](https://kycnot.me/?categories=domains) — KYCnot.me (checked 2026-10-08) 6. [Convention on Cybercrime: Iceland (ratified 29 January 2007, in force 1 May 2007)](https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/treaties/parties/remarks/IS/952) — WIPO Lex (checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Convention on Cybercrime: Panama accession (in effect 1 July 2014)](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202993/volume-2993-A-40916.pdf) — United Nations Treaty Series (checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties of the United States](https://www.justice.gov/criminal-oia/file/1498806/download) — US Department of Justice, Office of International Affairs (April 2022, checked 2026-10-19) 9. [The EEA Agreement](https://www.efta.int/eea) — EFTA (checked 2026-10-19) 10. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019 (protección de datos personales)](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 28743-A (Legispan copy) (2019-03-29, checked 2026-10-19) 11. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Procesal Penal art. 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (2025-08-05, checked 2026-10-19) 12. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015 (Código de Derecho Internacional Privado), arts. 155–157](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan) (2015-10-08, checked 2026-10-19) 13. [Root Zone Database: .com](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/com.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Porkbun compared: Oregon vs Panama jurisdiction and ID checks > Porkbun compared with PanamaRegistrar in October 2026: Oregon vs Panama law, Veriff ID checks on some new accounts, USDC-only crypto, $11.08 vs $11.99. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/porkbun/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Porkbun is a popular US registrar with low, steady prices. PanamaRegistrar differs on law, on identity checks and on crypto. On a .com, Porkbun is a little less expensive. **Quick answer — How does Porkbun compare with a service under Panamanian law?** Porkbun, in Oregon, asks a subset of new accounts for a photo ID through Veriff and takes only USDC as crypto. **PanamaRegistrar** answers to Panamanian law, as of October 2026: no ID, 6 coins including USDT, and a .com at $11.99 against Porkbun's $11.08. Porkbun is the less expensive of the two. ## Porkbun and PanamaRegistrar in seven lines | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Porkbun's location | Oregon, United States (postal address in Tigard, OR, on its payment page) | | Our operator | DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama, working through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner | | ID at Porkbun | Photo ID via Veriff for a subset of new accounts (help page updated 19 June 2026) | | ID here | None: one verified email per domain | | Crypto at Porkbun | USDC only, via Coinbase Business | | Crypto here | BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC | | .com price | Porkbun $11.08 first year and renewal · PanamaRegistrar $11.99/year | ## Porkbun vs PanamaRegistrar, side by side Porkbun's payment and ID pages were re-read on 19 October 2026. Its prices come from its domain price page on 8 October 2026. | | Porkbun | PanamaRegistrar | | --- | --- | --- | | Country of the operator | United States (Oregon) | Panama | | ID document | Photo ID via Veriff for a subset of new accounts | Never | | What happens to ID images | Kept 15 days for review, then deleted; a pass record stays | None collected | | Cards, PayPal, Apple Pay, ACH | Yes | No | | Crypto | USDC via Coinbase Business | BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC | | Bitcoin | — (support page lists USDC only) | Yes | | .com, first year / renewal | $11.08 / $11.08 | $11.99 / $11.99 | | .net, first year / renewal | $12.52 / $12.52 | $12.99 / $12.99 | | .org, first year / renewal | $7.98 / $11.84 | $12.99 / $12.99 | | .io, first year / renewal | $28.12 / $51.80 | $52.99 / $52.99 | | Takedown on a complaint alone | — (policy not reviewed for this page) | No, except phishing, malware, botnets, CSAM and fraud on a documented report | | Customer data released on | — (policy not reviewed for this page) | Only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case | | Transparency report on complaints | — (none found) | every quarter, first January 2027 | *Prices checked on October 19, 2026.* Porkbun is less expensive than PanamaRegistrar on all four extensions shown here. A dash means we found or reviewed no written statement. ## Where is Porkbun, and which law applies to it? Porkbun is a US registrar in Oregon. The postal address on its payment page, read on 19 October 2026, is in Tigard, Oregon. US federal and Oregon law therefore apply to the company itself. A US court order or a federal warrant can be served on it without any treaty. PanamaRegistrar is operated by DomaineGoat LLC, incorporated in Panama. A foreign civil judgment binds us only after exequatur by the Fourth Chamber of Panama's Supreme Court, under Law 61 of 2015. A foreign criminal request goes through Panamanian authorities, for example under the US–Panama mutual legal assistance treaty in force since 6 September 1995. The registry layer does not change. Every .com sits with Verisign in Reston, Virginia, whichever registrar you use. The [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) shows where each registry we sell is based. ## When does Porkbun ask for ID? For a subset of new accounts. Porkbun's help article on ID verification, updated 19 June 2026, says it requires photo ID from some new accounts, through the Veriff service. It does not list the exact signals used to pick those accounts. Porkbun says submissions are kept for 15 days to be reviewed, then deleted. After that, only a record that you passed remains. At PanamaRegistrar, no account is ever asked for an ID document, a selfie or an ID number. You get a random account number. Each domain needs one email address that you confirm, because ICANN rules require the registrant's email to be verified within 15 days. That email is never published. Details: [no-KYC domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/). ## Can I pay Porkbun in crypto? Yes, in USDC only. Porkbun's payment options page, read on 19 October 2026, says it accepts USDC through Coinbase Business. Its separate /bitcoin page mentioned several cryptocurrencies when we read it on 8 October 2026, so the two pages did not match. The support page is the more specific of the two. Porkbun's strength is the choice of other methods. It lists Visa, Mastercard, American Express, Discover, Diners Club and JCB cards. It also takes Alipay, Apple Pay, Google Pay, Amazon Pay, PayPal and US bank transfer. PanamaRegistrar takes crypto only: Bitcoin (BTC), Tether (USDT), USD Coin (USDC), Ethereum (ETH), Solana (SOL), Litecoin (LTC). USDT works on TRC-20 or ERC-20. You top up a balance, minimum $25. Send the exact amount on the exact network; the top-up is credited after the network confirmations. See [buying a domain with crypto](https://panamaregistrar.com/buy-domain-with-crypto/). ## Is Porkbun less expensive than PanamaRegistrar? On the four extensions we compared, yes. Porkbun charged $11.08 a year for a .com on 8 October 2026, first year and renewal. We charge $11.99. Its .net is $12.52 and its .org $7.98 the first year, then $11.84. The .io follows the same pattern. Porkbun charges $28.12 the first year and $51.80 to renew; ours is $52.99 every year. On the four extensions in the table, Porkbun is the less expensive of the two. What the price difference buys is a different procedure: no ID at any point, stablecoins, and Panamanian law for the registrar. Whether that is worth the difference on your extension is your decision. All our prices are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## What happens if someone complains about my domain? At PanamaRegistrar, a complaint alone does not suspend a domain, outside five named categories. Phishing, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended on a well-documented report. Copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints need a decision from a Panamanian court. You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. With Domain protection, every complaint is also read by a person before any action on the domain. Court orders are checked too: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. The full steps are on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page. We did not review Porkbun's complaint policy for this page. As an ICANN-accredited registrar, it has the same duty as our registrar partner to act promptly on well-documented DNS abuse. That duty is in section 3.18.2 of the registrar contract, in force since 5 April 2024. ## Questions about Porkbun and PanamaRegistrar ### Where is Porkbun based? In Oregon, in the United States. The postal address on Porkbun's payment page, read on 19 October 2026, is in Tigard, Oregon. US courts can give orders to it directly. PanamaRegistrar is operated by DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama. ### Does Porkbun require ID verification? For a subset of new accounts. Porkbun's help article, updated 19 June 2026, says those accounts must pass a photo ID check through Veriff. Images are kept 15 days, then deleted. PanamaRegistrar never asks for an ID document, a selfie or an ID number, only one verified email per domain. ### Does Porkbun accept Bitcoin? Its payment options page lists USDC only, through Coinbase Business, as of 19 October 2026. Bitcoin is not listed there. PanamaRegistrar accepts BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC, so Bitcoin, Ether, Solana, Litecoin and both major stablecoins work, from a prepaid balance with a minimum top-up of $25. ### Is a .com cheaper at Porkbun? Yes, slightly. Porkbun charged $11.08 a year for a .com on 8 October 2026, for registration and renewal. PanamaRegistrar charges $11.99, the same every year. On a .io, Porkbun renews at $51.80 against $52.99 here, so the gap depends on the extension and the number of years. ### Can I move my domains from Porkbun to PanamaRegistrar? Yes. Unlock each domain at Porkbun and copy its transfer code. Start the transfer from your PanamaRegistrar account and pay one year at our transfer price, $11.99 for a .com. That year is added to a generic extension. ICANN rules require the registrant email to be verified within 15 days. ### Does a service in Panama stop US courts from reaching my .com? No. Verisign, the .com registry, is in Reston, Virginia, and a US court can order it directly. A service in Panama changes who handles complaints and data requests made to it. It cannot change the registry's law, nor that of its registrar partner. See [can a foreign court seize my domain?](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/can-a-foreign-court-seize-my-domain/). ### Does PanamaRegistrar include free WHOIS privacy like Porkbun? Yes, wherever the extension allows it, at no charge. Domain protection, at +$29 a year, goes further. The registry and WHOIS show DomaineGoat LLC, and a transfer lock is on by default. A person also reads every complaint before any action on the domain. Details on [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). ## Sources 1. [Payment options](https://porkbun.com/support/payment_options) — Porkbun (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Why does Porkbun require ID verification for some accounts?](https://kb.porkbun.com/article/225-why-porkbun-id-verification) — Porkbun Knowledge Base (updated 2026-06-19, checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Pay with crypto](https://porkbun.com/bitcoin) — Porkbun (checked 2026-10-08) 4. [Domain pricing](https://porkbun.com/products/domains) — Porkbun (checked 2026-10-08) 5. [2024 global amendments to the RAA and RA (DNS abuse)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/global-amendment-2024-en) — ICANN (effective 2024-04-05, checked 2026-10-19) 6. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (Whois Accuracy Program Specification)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-08) 7. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015 (Código de Derecho Internacional Privado), arts. 155–157](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan) (2015-10-08, checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Procesal Penal art. 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (2025-08-05, checked 2026-10-19) 9. [Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties of the United States](https://www.justice.gov/criminal-oia/file/1498806/download) — US Department of Justice, Office of International Affairs (April 2022, checked 2026-10-19) 10. [Root Zone Database: .com](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/com.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # How we handle complaints, by type > How PanamaRegistrar handles complaints: 10 types, two tracks. Copyright and defamation need a Panamanian court; phishing and fraud are suspended on evidence. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Ten kinds of complaint, two tracks, one written record. For each type: what we need from you, what we do, what we never do, and the law behind it. **Quick answer — How does PanamaRegistrar handle complaints about copyright, defamation and trademarks?** **PanamaRegistrar** sorts every complaint into one of two tracks, as of October 2026. Phishing, malware, botnets, child abuse material and fraud that takes victims' money are suspended on a well-documented report. Copyright, defamation and the other 4 content complaints wait for a Panamanian court decision. Trademark disputes go to the UDRP or URS. ## Complaints at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Where to send a complaint | abuse@panamaregistrar.com, no account needed; court orders and authorities use the subject "Legal request" | | First answer | an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number | | Review | Handled under our abuse policy; with Domain protection, every complaint is also read by a person before any action on the domain | | Track 1: strict exceptions | Phishing (including pharming), malware, botnets, fraud that takes money from victims: suspension within 24 hours of a well-documented report; child sexual abuse material: immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC | | Track 2: court decision required | Copyright, defamation, personal data, political or government content, competitor complaints, impersonation without fraud | | Trademark | UDRP or URS: lock within 2 business days of the provider's request, then the panel decision is applied | | Foreign judgments | Bind us once recognised in Panama by exequatur before the Fourth Chamber of the Supreme Court (Law 61 of 2015, arts. 155–157) | | Domain holder | Told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it | ## How does PanamaRegistrar sort a complaint? We log it and place it in one of two tracks, under our abuse policy. On a domain with Domain protection, a person also reads it before any action on the domain. The first track covers abuse of the domain name system and fraud against victims. The second covers disputes about what a website says or shows. The split follows Panamanian law. Under Law 51 of 2008, arts. 90–91, an internet intermediary is liable only once it has **actual knowledge** that content is unlawful. That knowledge exists once a competent authority has declared the content unlawful and ordered its removal. A complaint letter is not such a declaration. The first track follows ICANN rules, which apply to us through our accredited registrar partner. ICANN amended the Registrar Accreditation Agreement (RAA) on 5 April 2024. Its section 3.18.2 says a registrar with actionable evidence of DNS abuse "must promptly take the appropriate mitigation action(s)". We add fraud that takes money from victims to that list by our own choice. Every complaint, whatever its track, is logged and counted in the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). ## What happens to a copyright or DMCA-style complaint? It is logged, forwarded to the domain holder and kept on file; the domain stays as it is until a Panamanian court decides. - **What we need.** The work, the URL where it appears, proof that you hold the rights, and your contact details. - **What we do.** We send the complaint to the holder's verified email. We answer you in writing with the next legal step. - **What we never do.** Suspend, transfer or redirect the domain on the notice alone. Give your notice the effect of a court order. - **The law behind it.** Panama's copyright law, Law 64 of 2012, contains no notice-and-takedown procedure and no service-provider safe harbour. Its arts. 175–178 give rightholders court remedies and precautionary measures, ordered by a judge. A notice under the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act is handled the same way. The [DMCA notices](https://panamaregistrar.com/dmca-notices/) page explains why, and what works instead. ## What happens to a defamation complaint? A defamation complaint needs a decision from a Panamanian court before anything happens to the domain. - **What we need.** The exact statement, its URL, why you say it is false and harmful, and any court decision you already hold. - **What we do.** We forward the complaint to the holder, who can correct, remove or defend the text. We tell you the court route. - **What we never do.** Decide ourselves whether a statement is true. Suspend a domain because a statement is unwelcome. - **The law behind it.** Law 51 of 2008, art. 90: a host without actual knowledge of unlawfulness is not liable, and actual knowledge comes from a competent authority's declaration. Truth and harm are questions for a judge. ## What happens to a privacy or personal data complaint? It is forwarded to the holder, and the domain is acted on only on a Panamanian court decision. - **What we need.** The personal data concerned, the URL, and how you are linked to it. Do not send us more personal data than the page already shows. - **What we do.** We pass the complaint to the holder, who is usually the controller of what the site publishes. We point you to the authority that can order a change. - **What we never do.** Release the holder's email to you so that you can contact them directly. Treat a request to unmask the holder as a complaint about content. - **The law behind it.** Article 42 of the Constitution gives everyone the right to access, correct and delete their personal data. Law 81 of 2019 puts these rights under the national transparency authority, ANTAI, which hears complaints (art. 18). Article 44 adds the habeas data action before the courts. ## How are trademark complaints handled? Trademark disputes about generic domains go to the UDRP, or to the URS for new generic domains, as ICANN requires of every registrar. - **What we need.** Nothing from you directly: file with an approved dispute provider, which contacts us. - **What we do.** We lock the domain within 2 business days of the provider's verification request (UDRP Rules, para. 4(b)). We tell the holder after the lock, then apply the panel's decision. - **What we never do.** Transfer a domain because a brand owner emails us. Tell the holder before the lock is applied, which the UDRP Rules forbid. - **The law behind it.** The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy and its Rules (2015), and the URS Procedure (2013). Timelines are on [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/). A brand impersonated to take money from victims is a different case: it falls under the fraud exception below. ## What happens to complaints about political or government content? They are logged and refused unless a Panamanian court has ruled; a request from a foreign government without Panamanian legal process is refused and counted. - **What we need.** The request, the issuing authority, and the legal basis it relies on. - **What we do.** We check whether the request comes through Panamanian legal process. Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. - **What we never do.** Suspend a domain because a government, a party or a public figure objects to its content. - **The law behind it.** Law 51 of 2008, art. 87: an intermediary can be ordered to suspend a service once a competent authority has ordered the content removed. A foreign judgment binds us only after exequatur (Law 61 of 2015, art. 156). The [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/) will list these requests by country of origin and outcome. ## What if a competitor complains about my domain? A competitor's complaint is handled like any other content complaint: no action without a court or panel decision. - **What we need.** The same as for the underlying claim: trademark, copyright or unfair competition. - **What we do.** We forward it to the holder and tell the competitor which procedure applies. A trademark claim goes to the UDRP or URS. - **What we never do.** Act on a commercial rival's word. Tell a competitor who holds the domain. - **The law behind it.** Whatever law the competitor invokes, applied by a Panamanian court or a dispute panel. ## Do you act on spam complaints? We act on spam when it carries phishing, malware or fraud; other spam complaints are forwarded to the holder. - **What we need.** Full message headers, the sending domain, the links in the message and the date received. - **What we do.** Spam that delivers phishing, malware or a scam follows track 1. Other spam is forwarded, and we suggest a report to the sending provider. - **What we never do.** Suspend a domain for a single unwanted newsletter. - **The law behind it.** The 2024 RAA amendments treat spam as DNS abuse only when it is a delivery mechanism for the other forms. ## What happens to an impersonation or fraud report? Fraud that takes money from victims is suspended on a well-documented report; other impersonation needs a court decision. - **What we need.** The URL, what is being imitated, how victims pay (wallet address, payment page) and any victim report or police reference. - **What we do.** The rule covers fake shops, investment and crypto scams and wallet drainers. It also covers impersonation of a bank or a brand, and sales of stolen data. Such domains are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report. We keep the record. - **What we never do.** Require a victim to have lost money before we act. Treat a parody or a review site as fraud. - **The law behind it.** Penal Code art. 289-A, added by Law 478 of 2025, punishes identity theft using computer data with 5 to 10 years. Our fraud exception is our own rule; it goes further than ICANN's definition of DNS abuse. ## How are phishing and malware reports handled? A well-documented report of phishing, pharming, malware or a botnet leads to suspension within 24 hours of a well-documented report. - **What we need.** The full URL, a screenshot, the time you saw it, and for malware a file hash or a sandbox report. - **What we do.** We check the evidence, suspend the domain and write to the holder with the evidence received. - **What we never do.** Ask you to prove that credentials were actually stolen before we act. - **The law behind it.** RAA §3.18.1 requires "reasonable and prompt steps to investigate and respond appropriately". RAA §3.18.2 requires mitigation of DNS abuse. Penal Code arts. 290, 290-A and 292-A cover data interference, system interference and misuse of devices. To report, use the [abuse form instructions](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). ## How are reports of child sexual abuse material handled? Child sexual abuse material (CSAM) is acted on immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. - **What we need.** The URL only. Never attach, copy or download the material. - **What we do.** We suspend the domain and keep the record for the authorities. - **What we never do.** Wait for a court. Forward, store or view more of the material than the report requires. - **The law behind it.** Penal Code arts. 184 and 185, as amended by Law 478 of 2025, punish the production, distribution and possession of child sexual abuse material. Possession alone carries 5 to 10 years. ## Which complaints lead to action, and on what basis? The ten complaint types in one table. "Court" means a decision of a Panamanian court, or a foreign judgment recognised in Panama by exequatur. | Complaint type | Track | What triggers action on the domain | Main legal basis | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Copyright, DMCA-style notice | 2 | Court | Law 64 of 2012, arts. 175–178 | | Defamation | 2 | Court | Law 51 of 2008, arts. 87–91 | | Privacy, personal data | 2 | Court | Constitution arts. 42 and 44; Law 81 of 2019 | | Trademark | UDRP / URS | Panel decision; lock within 2 business days | UDRP Policy and Rules; URS Procedure | | Political or government content | 2 | Court | Law 51 of 2008, art. 87; Law 61 of 2015, art. 156 | | Competitor complaint | 2 | Court or panel, by underlying claim | The law invoked | | Spam | 1 if it carries abuse | Well-documented report | RAA §3.18 (2024 amendments) | | Impersonation, fraud against victims | 1 | Well-documented report | Our policy; Penal Code art. 289-A | | Phishing, pharming, malware, botnets | 1 | Well-documented report | RAA §3.18.1–3.18.2 | | Child sexual abuse material | 1 | Report with URL | Penal Code arts. 184–185 | ## What does the complainant receive? You receive an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number, then a written answer that names the track and the outcome. 1. **Acknowledgement.** Quote the reference number in any follow-up. 2. **Decision.** Either the domain was suspended under a strict exception, or the complaint was forwarded and needs a court or a panel. 3. **The legal route.** For track 2, the answer names the procedure: Panamanian court, exequatur, UDRP or URS. Other abuse reports get this answer within 2 business days. You do not receive the holder's email or account details; those leave us only on the routes of our [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/) rule. The text of your complaint is forwarded to the holder, so write it knowing that they will read it. ## What does the domain holder receive? The holder is told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. The message goes to the verified email of the domain. It contains the complaint as received, the track we chose and what, if anything, we did. A holder can answer with evidence, and the answer is kept with the file. The UDRP is the one case with a fixed order: the lock comes first, and the notice follows. When a Ministerio Público preservation order requires confidentiality (Code of Criminal Procedure art. 338-A, added by Law 478 of 2025), the notice waits. With [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/), our company is the registrant of record, a person reads every complaint before any action on the domain, and we still pass every complaint to you. ## How do you escalate a complaint properly? If you need action that a complaint alone cannot produce, these are the routes that work. They are listed from the fastest to the slowest in most cases. 1. **Write to the host** — The host stores the content. Removing one page there leaves the domain and the rest of the site untouched. 2. **File a UDRP or URS complaint** — For a trademark dispute over the domain name itself, file with an approved provider. We lock the domain within 2 business days of its request. 3. **Go to a Panamanian court** — A Panamanian judge can order precautionary measures (Law 64 of 2012, arts. 175–178, for copyright) or declare content unlawful. Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. 4. **Have a foreign judgment recognised** — Apply for exequatur to the Fourth Chamber (Sala Cuarta) of the Supreme Court. Law 61 of 2015, art. 156, requires a competent court, proper service, no breach of public order and an authenticated Spanish translation. 5. **Act at the registry** — Each registry applies the law of its own country. For .com and .net, Verisign is in the United States. See the registry jurisdiction index. ## Complaints: questions ### Will PanamaRegistrar suspend a domain because of a complaint? Only under the strict exceptions. Phishing, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended on a well-documented report. Copyright, defamation, personal data, political and competitor complaints need a decision from a Panamanian court. Trademark disputes follow the UDRP or URS. The full sequence is on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page. ### Do I need an account to file a complaint? No. Write to abuse@panamaregistrar.com with the domain, the URL and your evidence. You receive an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number. Courts and authorities use the same address with the subject "Legal request". Child abuse material reports use the subject "URGENT". ### Will you tell me who owns the domain? No, not on a complaint. We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case: the holder's verified email and account details are covered by that rule. See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). ### I have a US court judgment. Is that enough? Not on its own. A foreign judgment binds us once the Fourth Chamber of Panama's Supreme Court has recognised it by exequatur, under Law 61 of 2015, arts. 155–157. The other route is the registry: a US court can address Verisign directly for a .com or .net domain. The [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/) page explains how we verify orders. ### How long does a complaint take? Phishing, malware and fraud reports lead to action within 24 hours of a well-documented report. Child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. A UDRP lock is applied within 2 business days. Other abuse reports are answered within 2 business days. A complaint in the court track is answered in writing; the domain's fate then depends on the court or panel timetable, not on us. ### Can the domain holder see my complaint? Yes. We forward the complaint as received, so the holder can correct the site or answer you. Leave out anything you do not want the holder to read, such as your private phone number. ### Does Domain protection change how complaints are handled? The tracks are the same. With Domain protection, DomaineGoat LLC is the registrant of record, so complaints and UDRP filings name our company, and a person reads every complaint before any action on the domain. That review exists only with the option. We pass each complaint to the customer, who can answer it. The option costs +$29 a year per domain, on top of the price on the [pricing page](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ### Are refused complaints published? They are counted, not published. The [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/) gives, for each complaint type, the number received, acted on and refused. The first report is due January 2027 and covers launch to 31 December 2026. No domain names or complainant names appear in it. ## Sources 1. [Ley 64 de 10 de octubre de 2012, Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (arts. 175–178)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2012/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27139-B_2012_10_10_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_64.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional de Panamá (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27139-B (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Ley 51 de 22 de julio de 2008 (arts. 87–91, intermediary liability)](https://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Ley_No_51.pdf) — Ministerio Público de Panamá, Gaceta Oficial No. 26090 (checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado (arts. 155–157)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional de Panamá (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27885-A (checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019, protección de datos personales](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Superintendencia de Bancos de Panamá (Legispan copy), Gaceta Oficial No. 28743-A (checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Constitución Política, Texto Único (arts. 42, 44)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/gacetas/25176_2004.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 25176 (checked 2026-10-19) 6. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Penal Code arts. 184, 185, 289-A, 290-A, 292-A)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (5 August 2025) 7. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (§3.18)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Compliance advisory: DNS abuse obligations under the amended RAA and RA](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/advisory-compliance-dns-abuse-obligations-raa-ra-2024-02-05-en) — ICANN (5 February 2024) 9. [Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (para. 4)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-rules-2015-03-11-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 10. [Uniform Rapid Suspension System (URS) Procedure](https://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/urs/procedure-01mar13-en.pdf) — ICANN (1 March 2013) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Contact PanamaRegistrar > Contact PanamaRegistrar: support, abuse reports with no account, court orders and legal requests. Replies within 12 hours, 7 days a week. Crypto, no KYC. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/contact/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Support for customers, abuse reports from anyone, and legal requests from courts and authorities. Each one has its own subject line and its own procedure. **Quick answer — How do I contact PanamaRegistrar?** Write to **support@panamaregistrar.com** for your account and domains, and to **abuse@panamaregistrar.com** for phishing, malware or fraud, with no account needed. Court orders and legal requests use the subject "Legal request". As of October 2026, support replies within 12 hours, 7 days a week; abuse reports get an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number. ## Where to write | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Customers: account, DNS, transfers, renewals | support@panamaregistrar.com — Email replies within 12 hours, 7 days a week, including help with DNS, transfers and renewals | | Phishing, malware, botnets, fraud, child abuse material | abuse@panamaregistrar.com — no account needed, an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number | | Copyright, defamation, trademark complaints | abuse@panamaregistrar.com, subject "Complaint" — read the [complaint rules](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/) first | | Court orders, authorities | abuse@panamaregistrar.com, subject "Legal request" — see [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/) | | Urgent cases (threat to life, serious injury, child abuse material) | abuse@panamaregistrar.com, subject "URGENT" | | Language | English | ## What should an abuse report contain? The domain name, the exact URL, what it does (phishing page, malware download, command-and-control server, fraudulent shop) and the evidence: a screenshot with the date and time, the email that delivered the link, or a malware hash. A report that lets us see the abuse ourselves is acted on within 24 hours of a well-documented report. Child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. Do not attach the malware itself. Do not send the personal data of victims unless it is needed to show the fraud. The [report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/) page lists what we accept as evidence. ## What should a complaint or a court order contain? A complaint about content (copyright, defamation, a political or commercial dispute) is logged, but it does not suspend a domain on its own: a decision that binds us, such as a decision from a Panamanian court, is needed. Send it anyway if you want the domain holder to know about it; we forward it to the holder's verified email. A court order should be sent as a scanned copy with the court, the case number and a contact at the court. Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. A foreign order must first be recognised in Panama; the [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/) page explains the exequatur procedure before the Supreme Court of Justice. Our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record of each domain, has its own abuse contact; this page covers what PanamaRegistrar itself handles. ## What will support never ask you? We never ask for your password, your account number or your domain transfer (EPP) codes by email or chat. If someone claiming to be PanamaRegistrar asks for them, it is not us: forward the message to abuse@panamaregistrar.com. We also never ask for an ID document, a selfie or a phone number, at any point of the customer relationship. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is there a phone line or a chat? No. Every request goes by email so that it leaves a written, dated record. That record is what the transparency report counts and what a court can review if a decision is ever challenged. ### Do I need an account to report abuse? No. ICANN requires registrars to accept abuse reports from anyone, and we apply the same rule: abuse@panamaregistrar.com needs no account, no form and no login. You get an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number. ### Will the domain holder see my complaint? Usually yes. We forward complaints about content to the holder's verified email, because the holder is the person who can answer them. We remove your email address if you ask. Abuse reports on phishing or malware are not forwarded before action. ### How fast do you answer a legal request? You get an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number; then we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. Urgent cases (threat to life, serious bodily injury, child abuse material) are handled first. --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Court orders: how PanamaRegistrar handles them > Court orders at PanamaRegistrar: what a Panamanian order must contain, Ministerio Público orders, the 4 exequatur conditions, foreign routes. Crypto, no KYC. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) What we need to see in a court order, how we check it, what we can carry out and what we cannot. For Panamanian courts, the Ministerio Público, foreign courts and foreign police. **Quick answer — How does PanamaRegistrar handle court orders?** **PanamaRegistrar** carries out Panamanian court orders, and orders of Panama's Ministerio Público where Law 478 of 2025 allows them, after checking each with its issuer. A foreign judgment binds us only after exequatur, with 4 conditions under Law 61 of 2015. As of October 2026, we can have a domain suspended, locked or transferred and release the data we hold. ## Court orders at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Panamanian court order | Applied after verification: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting | | Ministerio Público order | Preservation (CPP art. 338-A, up to 90 days) or production (art. 338-C): checked the same way, counted separately | | Foreign civil judgment | Applied only after exequatur by the Sala Cuarta of the Supreme Court (Law 61 of 2015, arts. 155–157) | | Foreign criminal authority | Through Panama: US MLAT, Budapest Convention 24/7 contact point, letters rogatory | | What we can do | Have the domain suspended, locked or transferred through our registrar partner; release the verified email and account records we hold | | What we cannot do | Remove content, close hosting, change a registry's own records, or stop our registrar partner from applying an order of its own country's courts | | Customer notice | You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it | | Where to send | abuse@panamaregistrar.com, subject "Legal request" | ## What must a Panamanian court order contain? It must let us identify the court, the case, the domain and the exact measure, without guessing. We need: 1. **The issuing court**: its name, the judge, and the court's official contact details. 2. **The case**: case number, date of the order, and the parties as the order names them. 3. **The domain names**, written exactly, one by one. We do not extend an order to similar names. 4. **The measure**: suspend, lock, transfer (to whom, at which registrar), or release data (which data, for which period). 5. **The legal basis** relied on, and any time limit for compliance. 6. **Notice**: whether the order forbids us to tell the customer, and for how long. Send a scan of the signed order to abuse@panamaregistrar.com with the subject "Legal request". The scan starts the procedure; it is not enough on its own to act. ## How does PanamaRegistrar verify a court order? Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. We contact the court through details we find ourselves, from official Panamanian sources, never through the phone number or email in the message that brought the order. We confirm three things: that the order exists, that its text matches the copy we received, and that it is still in force. Without this check, a forged order sent by email could take a domain away from its holder. If the court cannot confirm the order, we take no action on the domain. We reply to the sender, keep the file, and count the case in the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). ## What happens once an order is verified? We apply the measure the order names, on the domains it names, and nothing more. A suspension sets the domain on hold, so it stops resolving. A transfer moves it to the registrant or registrar the order designates. A lock blocks transfers and changes. A data order is answered with the records we hold for the domains listed. Each step is logged with the date and the person who carried it out. The order, our verification and our action are kept as long as the decision can be challenged. They are kept so that the procedure itself can be checked later, by a court or by the customer. ## What do we tell the customer? We write to the verified email of the domain before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. The notice gives the court, the case number, the measure, and a copy of the order where the law allows it. The customer's remedy against the order lies with the Panamanian court that issued it, or with the court above it. We cannot reverse a verified order. We can confirm to the customer's lawyer what we received and what we did. If a court lifts or changes the order, we apply that new decision after the same check. ## How are Ministerio Público orders handled? Like court orders: verified first, applied as written, notified when the law allows, and counted. Law 478 of 4 August 2025 added two relevant tools to the Code of Criminal Procedure (CPP): - **Article 338-A, expedited preservation.** The Ministerio Público may order data preserved for up to 90 days, renewable. The custodian must keep the order confidential, so the customer is not told while it runs. - **Article 338-C, production order.** The Ministerio Público may order a person or company to supply computer data in its possession or control, including subscriber data. Our published rule: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. A Ministerio Público order under article 338-A or 338-C is such a prosecutor's order. These orders are counted in their own line of the transparency report, apart from court orders. ## Can a foreign judgment be enforced against PanamaRegistrar? Yes, once the Supreme Court of Panama has granted exequatur; until then we refuse it. Law 61 of 7 October 2015, Panama's Code of Private International Law, sets the rules. Under article 155, a final foreign judgment has the force that treaties give it. Without a treaty, it can be enforced unless the other State is shown not to enforce Panamanian judgments. Under article 157, the application goes to the **Sala Cuarta de Negocios Generales** of the Supreme Court. The Court gives **five days** to the party bound by the judgment and to the Procurador General de la Nación, and may order protective measures. Article 156 sets four conditions, plus finality: ## The four conditions of article 156, applied to domain cases *Our reading of article 156; the Sala Cuarta decides each case.* | Condition (Law 61 of 2015, art. 156) | What it means for a domain judgment | | --- | --- | | 1. The foreign court was competent and did not encroach on exclusive Panamanian jurisdiction | Exclusive Panamanian jurisdiction concerns immovables in Panama, so most domain cases pass this point | | 2. The judgment was not given in default: the defendant was personally served and could defend | Many domain judgments are given against a holder never served in person; on this wording they fail | | 3. It does not breach fundamental principles of Panamanian public order | Assessed by the Sala Cuarta, case by case | | 4. The copy is authentic and translated into Spanish | An authenticated copy, with a Spanish translation | | Also: the judgment is final (res judicata) | An interim or appealable order does not qualify | ## How do foreign police and prosecutors reach us? Through a Panamanian authority, under a treaty; a direct request from abroad gets a reply explaining the route. Three channels exist: - **US–Panama Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty**, signed on 11 April 1991 and in force since 6 September 1995. US requests are made between the two States under the treaty. - **Budapest Convention on Cybercrime**, in force for Panama since 1 July 2014. Law 11 of 2015, as amended by Law 478 of 2025, provides expedited preservation for foreign requests and a 24/7 contact point designated by the Procurador General. - **Letters rogatory** under the Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory (OAS B-36), which Panama ratified on 11 November 1975. Panama also signed the Inter-American Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (OAS A-55) on 23 May 1992. It approved it by Law 52 of 2001, with a reservation for acts that are not crimes in Panama. Whichever channel is used, what reaches us is a Panamanian order. We handle it as above. Under Law 81 of 2019, article 33 (No. 8), a transfer made in international judicial cooperation is lawful. The step-by-step guide for authorities is on the [law enforcement](https://panamaregistrar.com/law-enforcement/) page. ## What we can carry out, and what we cannot | Measure ordered | Can we do it? | Why | | --- | --- | --- | | Suspend the domain (stop it resolving) | Yes | Our registrar partner sets a registrar hold at the registry, at our request | | Lock the domain against transfer and changes | Yes | Registrar lock statuses are set by our registrar partner, at our request | | Transfer the domain to a named registrant or registrar | Yes | Through the registry's transfer process | | Release the verified email and account records of a domain | Yes | We hold one verified email per domain, the account number, domains, balance and payment records | | Preserve data for a period | Yes | Records are frozen for the period ordered | | Remove a page, a file or a post | No | We do not host content; the order must go to the host | | Shut down a server or an email service | No | Hosting and email are run by the customer's providers | | Release a name, address, phone or ID document | No | We do not collect them: the email is the only contact data | | Change or delete the registry's own copy | No | Only the registry can, under its own law | | Act on a domain not registered through PanamaRegistrar | No | We act only on domains registered through our service | | Stop our registrar partner from applying an order of its own country's courts | No | It keeps its own legal duties, under its own law | ## What happens to an order we refuse? We reply in writing with the reason and the route that would work. The usual reasons are: a foreign judgment without exequatur, an order we could not verify, an order naming no exact domain, or a bulk request. Article 24 of Law 81 of 2019 says bulk requests are never admitted. Refused orders are counted in the transparency report, published every quarter from January 2027. It separates three categories: Panamanian orders, foreign orders with exequatur, and foreign orders without it, which are refused. No figure exists yet. Our domain prices, which include this procedure, are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## Questions about court orders ### Do you act on a court order sent by email? We start the procedure on it, but we act only after verification. Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. We reach the court through contact details we find in official sources, not those in the email. An order the court cannot confirm leads to no action on the domain. ### Can a US court order you to transfer my .com? A US judgment binds us only after the Sala Cuarta of the Supreme Court of Panama grants exequatur under Law 61 of 2015. But Verisign, the .com registry, is in the United States, and a US court can order it directly. That route does not pass through us. See [can a foreign court seize my domain?](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/can-a-foreign-court-seize-my-domain/). ### Will I see a copy of the order? Yes, where the law allows. We tell you before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it, with the court, the case number and the measure. A Ministerio Público preservation order under CPP article 338-A must be kept confidential, so notice waits until the confidentiality ends. ### What is the difference between a court order and a Ministerio Público order? A court order comes from a judge; a Ministerio Público order comes from a prosecutor. Law 478 of 2025 lets the Ministerio Público order data preservation (CPP art. 338-A) or production (art. 338-C) directly. Both bind us under Panamanian law; we verify both and count them in separate lines. ### Can a court order you to delete my website? No court order to us can delete a website, because we do not host it. We can suspend the domain, so the name stops resolving, or transfer it. The content stays with your host, which answers to the courts of its own country. ### How long does exequatur take? Law 61 of 2015 sets no overall time limit that we could cite. Article 157 gives five days to the party bound by the judgment and to the Procurador General de la Nación to answer. The rest depends on the Sala Cuarta's docket and the file. Ask a Panamanian lawyer for current practice. ### Does a default judgment from abroad count? On the wording of article 156 of Law 61 of 2015, no. One of the four conditions is that the judgment was not given in default: the defendant must have been personally served and able to defend. Many domain judgments abroad are default judgments against unidentified holders. ## Sources 1. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado (arts. 155–157)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27885-A (8 October 2015, checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Procesal Penal arts. 338-A, 338-C; Ley 11 de 2015)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (5 August 2025, checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019, protección de datos personales (arts. 24, 33)](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 28743-A (Legispan copy, Superintendencia de Bancos) (29 March 2019, checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Panama (95-906) – Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty](https://2021-2025.state.gov/panama-95-906-mutual-legal-assistance-treaty) — US Department of State (in force 6 September 1995, checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Convention on Cybercrime, accession of Panama (UNTS vol. 2993, A-40916)](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202993/volume-2993-A-40916.pdf) — United Nations Treaty Series (effective 1 July 2014, checked 2026-10-19) 6. [Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory (B-36), status table](https://www.justice.gov/civil/common/oija/documents/service/Inter-American%20Convention%20Declarations.pdf) — US Department of Justice, Office of International Judicial Assistance (2008, checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Panama: submission on criminal accountability (Law 20 of 1991, Law 52 of 2001)](https://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/gov_comments/pdfs/criminal_accountability/2012/english/panama.pdf) — United Nations, Sixth Committee (2012, checked 2026-10-19) > **This is not legal advice** This page explains how PanamaRegistrar handles orders, as of 19 October 2026. Whether an order is valid, or whether a judgment can be recognised, is decided by the courts. For a specific case, consult a lawyer admitted in Panama. --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # When we disclose registrant data, and to whom > When PanamaRegistrar releases data: only when Panamanian law requires it (a court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. One email, no KYC. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) The data we hold about a domain holder, the only routes by which it leaves us, and who gets nothing. Written for customers, complainants and authorities alike. **Quick answer — When does PanamaRegistrar disclose registrant data?** **PanamaRegistrar** releases the data it holds only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case, as of October 2026. What it holds is one verified email per domain and the account records. Our registrar partner and the registry hold their own records. Bulk requests are refused. ## Data disclosure at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | What we hold | One verified email per domain, a random account number, your domains and DNS settings, your balance, payment records | | What we do not hold | Name, postal address, phone number, identity document: the email is the only contact data | | Disclosure rule | Only when Panamanian law requires it: a Panamanian court order or a prosecutor's (Ministerio Público) order under CPP arts. 338-A, 338-C; or in a UDRP case | | Other holders | Our registrar partner and the registry, under their own rules | | UDRP or URS | The dispute provider receives the registrant details of record for the disputed domain | | Foreign requests | Only through Panamanian process: MLAT, Budapest Convention, letters rogatory, exequatur | | Bulk requests | Never admitted (Law 81 of 2019, art. 24) | | Customer notice | You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it | | Reporting | Data requests counted by origin country and outcome in the transparency report | ## What registrant data does PanamaRegistrar hold? Very little, and that limits what any order can obtain. We hold: - **one email address per domain**, which you confirm; ICANN requires registrars to verify it within 15 days; - **a random account number** that we generate; - **your domains**, their DNS settings and your **balance**; - **payment records**: the amount, coin and network of each crypto top-up; - **messages** you send us, and the complaints and orders received about your domains. The email is the only contact data we collect: we do not ask for a name, a postal address, a phone number or an identity document. Where a registry requires a name and address, the domain is sold with [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/), and the registry receives our company's details. The full inventory is on [what we hold](https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/). ## When does registrant data leave PanamaRegistrar? Our rule, in the words we use on every page: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. Our registrar partner and the registry hold their own records, under their own rules. In detail, three routes, each one written down here: 1. **A Panamanian court order.** Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. Article 24 of Law 81 of 2019 obliges controllers to give the competent judicial authorities the information duly requested. 2. **A prosecutor's order, from Panama's Ministerio Público.** Today that means an order under article 338-A (preservation) or 338-C (production) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, both added by Law 478 of 2025. We check it like a court order and count it separately. 3. **A UDRP or URS provider**, which receives the registrant details of record for the disputed domain, as ICANN's dispute rules require. A foreign court, a foreign police force or a foreign lawyer reaches us through the first or second route only. That means exequatur for a civil judgment, or a treaty request turned into a Panamanian order. The routes are on the [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/) page. ## What happens to an ordinary disclosure request? It gets an answer on time, and without Panamanian process that answer is a refusal. The Registration Data Policy (§10.5) asks registrars to acknowledge a reasonable disclosure request within 2 business days. A response follows within 30 calendar days of acknowledgement at most. Our accredited registrar partner is bound by those limits, and we answer within them. The refusal explains which Panamanian route would work for the requester. ICANN ran a voluntary lookup service, the Registration Data Request Service (RDRS), as a two-year pilot from November 2023 to November 2025. ICANN reports more than 3,700 requests: 32 % for intellectual property, 16 % from law enforcement, and about a quarter approved overall. If a request reaches us through RDRS, the same rule applies. ## Who can obtain what: requester → without Panamanian process → with it | Requester | Without Panamanian process | With Panamanian process | | --- | --- | --- | | Brand, company or individual with a complaint | Nothing; the complaint is forwarded to the holder | What a Panamanian court order names | | Foreign lawyer or foreign civil court | Nothing; a reply explaining exequatur | After exequatur by the Sala Cuarta: what the judgment names | | Foreign police or prosecutor | Nothing; a reply explaining the treaty route | Through the MLAT, Budapest or letters rogatory, then a Panamanian order | | Panamanian Ministerio Público | Its order is Panamanian process | Preservation (art. 338-A) or production (art. 338-C) of what we hold | | Panamanian court | Its order is Panamanian process | What the order names, after verification | | UDRP or URS provider | Registrant details of record for the disputed domain | Not needed | | A court in our registrar partner's country | Not through us: it can order the partner under its own law | Not needed | | Anyone asking for bulk data | Refused | Refused (Law 81 of 2019, art. 24) | "What we hold" is listed above: one verified email per domain, account number, domains, balance, payment records. Nothing more can be released. ## What does RAA §3.7.7.3 mean for Domain protection? It means our company carries a liability that you would otherwise carry, and we say so plainly. With [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/), DomaineGoat LLC is the registrant of record and you are the beneficial owner. ICANN's 2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement, §3.7.7.3, deals with this case. A registrant of record that licenses a name to someone else accepts liability for harm caused by its wrongful use. The exception: it discloses the licensee's contact details and identity within **7 days** to a party that gives reasonable evidence of actionable harm. Three honest points follow. - **The clause sets who is liable; it does not order disclosure.** Our rule stays the same: a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order, or a UDRP case. When we do not disclose, our company is the one exposed to the claim. - **The clause is not a shield for you.** A Panamanian court can still order disclosure, and the strict exceptions still apply to protected domains. - **The contact we would disclose is one verified email.** It is the only contact data we hold for you. For domains without Domain protection, you are the registrant of record, and the clause concerns you, not us. ICANN's specification on privacy and proxy registrations asks providers to publish when they reveal a customer. This page is that publication. ## Why does PanamaRegistrar refuse bulk data requests? Because Panamanian law forbids them: article 24 of Law 81 of 2019 says bulk requests are never admitted ("no admitiéndose en ningún caso solicitudes masivas"). The same article obliges us to answer requests from competent judicial authorities that are duly made. A bulk request asks for data not tied to named domains: every customer paying in a given coin, every domain with a keyword, every account created in a month. Each request must name the domains concerned. A Panamanian order covering many named domains is still possible; a fishing expedition is not. ## Do you tell the customer when their data is disclosed? Yes: we tell you before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. The notice names the requester, the legal basis, the data released and the date. Three cases delay or prevent notice: - a court order that forbids it, for the period it sets; - a Ministerio Público preservation order under CPP article 338-A, which the custodian must keep confidential; - a UDRP case, where the rules bar notifying the respondent before the lock is applied; we tell you once it is. The [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/), published every quarter, counts data requests by origin country and outcome. The first one covers launch to 31 December 2026. No figure exists yet. ## What do the registry and our registrar partner disclose? They answer to the law of their own countries, not to our policy. - **Our registrar partner.** Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record. It keeps the registration record, its own legal duties and its own abuse contact, and a court of its own country can order it directly. - **The registry.** Each registry keeps its own copy of the registration. A thick registry, such as .org (Public Interest Registry, United States) or .io (Identity Digital), receives the registrant record: built from your verified email, or our company's details with Domain protection. The .com and .net registries (Verisign, United States) are thin: they receive no registrant contact data. DENIC, which runs .de, is in Germany. The [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) lists the country of each of our 43 extensions. Their prices, with or without Domain protection, are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## Questions about data disclosure ### Will you give my email to a company that says I infringe its rights? No, not on its request alone. Without a Panamanian court order, a complainant gets nothing; we forward its complaint to you instead. For a trademark dispute, it can file a UDRP or URS complaint, and the provider then receives the registrant details of record, as ICANN requires. ### Can a foreign police force get my data? Only through Panama. A foreign authority uses the US–Panama MLAT, the Budapest Convention or letters rogatory. A Panamanian authority then issues the order that reaches us. Under Law 81 of 2019, article 33 (No. 8), a transfer in international judicial cooperation is lawful. ### Is the Ministerio Público order an exception to the court-order rule? It is part of the rule: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. Since Law 478 of 2025, that means orders under CPP articles 338-A and 338-C. We verify them like court orders and count them in a separate line. ### What happens to an urgent request? An urgent request (an imminent threat to life, serious bodily injury, child abuse material) goes to abuse@panamaregistrar.com with the subject "URGENT" and is handled first. The data we hold still leaves us only on a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order: in Panama, the Ministerio Público can order preservation or production directly (CPP arts. 338-A, 338-C). ### Does Domain protection mean you never disclose? No. With Domain protection the registry and WHOIS show our company, never you, and the only contact data we hold is your verified email. The disclosure rule stays the same: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. Under RAA §3.7.7.3, our company carries the liability when it does not disclose. ### Do you sell or share data with advertisers? No. We do not sell, rent or share customer data for advertising, and the site carries no advertising trackers. Data leaves us only on the routes listed on this page; our registrar partner and the registry hold what their own rules require. The [privacy policy](https://panamaregistrar.com/legal/privacy/) sets this out in full. ### Can I see what you would disclose about me? Yes. Article 42 of the Constitution of Panama and Law 81 of 2019 give you a right of access. Write to support@panamaregistrar.com from the domain's verified email. You will see the same records an order would reach: email, account number, domains, balance and payment records. ## Sources 1. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019, protección de datos personales (arts. 11, 24, 33)](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 28743-A (Legispan copy, Superintendencia de Bancos) (29 March 2019, checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Procesal Penal arts. 338-A, 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (5 August 2025, checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Texto Único (art. 42)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/gacetas/25176_2004.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 25176 (November 2004, checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Registration Data Policy (§4, §10.5, §10.7.2, Implementation Note 11.1)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/registration-data-policy-2024-02-21-en) — ICANN (effective 21 August 2025, updated 12 May 2026, checked 2026-10-19) 5. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (§3.7.7.3; Specification on Privacy and Proxy Registrations)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 6. [ICANN's RDRS two-year pilot: what we learned and where we go next](https://www.icann.org/en/blogs/details/icanns-rdrs-two-year-pilot-what-we-learned-and-where-we-go-next-03-03-2026-en) — ICANN (3 March 2026, checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (para. 4)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-rules-2015-03-11-en) — ICANN (effective 31 July 2015, checked 2026-10-19) > **This is not legal advice** This page sets out PanamaRegistrar's disclosure policy as of 19 October 2026. It does not tell you what any authority may lawfully demand of you or of us in a given case. For that, consult a lawyer admitted in Panama or in your own country. --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # DMCA notices and Panama domains: what happens to your notice > What PanamaRegistrar does with a DMCA notice (17 U.S.C. §512): logged, forwarded to the holder, answered; no suspension without a Panamanian court. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/dmca-notices/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) A DMCA notice sent to us is handled as a copyright complaint. Here is each step, the legal reason for it, and the routes that do lead to removal. **Quick answer — What happens when a DMCA notice is sent about a domain registered with PanamaRegistrar?** **PanamaRegistrar** handles a DMCA notice as a copyright complaint, as of October 2026. It is logged and forwarded to the domain holder within the same procedure as any complaint. The domain is not suspended without a Panamanian court decision, because Panama's copyright law, Law 64 of 2012, has no notice-and-takedown procedure. ## DMCA notices at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | What the DMCA is | A United States statute: 17 U.S.C. §512, "Limitations on liability relating to material online" | | How we classify it | A copyright complaint, track 2 of our [complaint procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/) | | First answer | an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number | | Effect on the domain | None until a Panamanian court decides, or a foreign judgment is recognised in Panama by exequatur | | Domain holder | Receives the notice, before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it | | Panamanian equivalent | None found: Law 64 of 2012 has no service-provider notice-and-takedown procedure | | Counted | Yes, as a copyright complaint in the quarterly [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/) | ## What happens to a DMCA notice, step by step? The same five steps apply whether the notice comes from a rightholder, a law firm or a brand-protection agency. 1. **Logged** — The notice gets an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number. It is filed under copyright complaints. 2. **Checked for abuse** — We check whether the notice also describes phishing, malware or fraud, which follow a different track. On a domain with Domain protection, the notice is also read by a person before any action on the domain. 3. **Forwarded to the holder** — The text of the notice goes to the verified email of the domain. The holder can remove the material, answer, or do nothing. 4. **Answered in writing** — The sender receives a reply that names the legal routes open in Panama and at the registry. 5. **Counted** — The notice is counted as received, and as acted on or refused, in the next transparency report. ## What is a DMCA notice in legal terms? A DMCA notice is the notification described in section 512(c)(3) of title 17 of the United States Code. Section 512 is headed "Limitations on liability relating to material online". It tells a US service provider when it can avoid paying damages for a user's infringement. The section has four safe harbours: - **512(a):** transmitting, routing or providing connections for material. - **512(b):** system caching, the temporary storage of material. - **512(c):** storage of material "at the direction of a user", which is hosting. - **512(d):** referring or linking users to infringing material. A valid notice has six elements under 512(c)(3)(A). It needs a signature, the work, the infringing material and its location, contact details, a good-faith statement, and a statement under penalty of perjury. Under 512(g)(2)(C), material removed after a notice comes back 10 to 14 business days after a counter notice, unless the claimant sues. The statute is built around the provider that stores or transmits the material. A registrar does neither for a website: the host stores it. ## Does Panama have its own notice-and-takedown law? No such procedure was found in Panamanian law as of 19 October 2026. Panama's copyright statute, Law 64 of 2012, contains no provision on service-provider liability, no notice-and-takedown and no counter notice. The trade agreement with the United States asks for one. Article 15.11.27 of the US–Panama Trade Promotion Agreement requires limits on remedies against service providers, with a notice-and-takedown process. Article 15.13.2(m) let Panama delay that article for up to three years from entry into force on 31 October 2012. Our review of the official texts found no implementing law. What Panama does have is Law 51 of 2008. Its arts. 87–91 exempt internet intermediaries that lack **actual knowledge** of unlawful content. Under art. 90, that knowledge exists once a competent authority has declared the content unlawful and ordered its removal. A private notice is not such a declaration. ## Why is the domain not suspended on the notice? Because a suspension acts on the whole domain, and Panamanian law leaves the finding of infringement to a judge. A notice usually targets one file or one page. Suspending the domain stops every page, every subdomain and every email address on it. The host can remove the single item; the registrar cannot. Our written rule is the same for every customer: no takedown on a complaint alone. Copyright complaints need a decision from a Panamanian court. A foreign judgment must first be recognised in Panama by exequatur before it binds us. This applies to notices from any country, not only the United States. ## What can a rightholder do instead? Five routes can lead to removal, and three of them do not involve us at all. 1. **Notify the host.** The host stores the material. A host in the United States is the provider that section 512(c) was written for. 2. **Ask a Panamanian court for precautionary measures.** Law 64 of 2012, arts. 175–178, lets a judge order measures at the rightholder's request. Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. 3. **Have a US judgment recognised in Panama.** File for exequatur with the Fourth Chamber (Sala Cuarta) of the Supreme Court. Law 61 of 2015, art. 156, requires a competent court, a defendant who was served, no breach of public order and an authenticated Spanish translation. 4. **Go to the registry's court.** Each registry keeps its own copy of the registration and applies its own country's law. Verisign, the .com and .net registry, is in the United States, so a US court can address it directly. 5. **Use the UDRP** when the complaint is about the domain name itself, as a trademark. We lock the domain within 2 business days of the provider's request. The [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) lists the country of every registry we sell. ## Which route reaches what? | Route | Who acts | What it can reach | Legal basis | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Notice to the host | The host | The file or page | The host's own law (17 U.S.C. §512 for a US host) | | Panamanian court | A Panamanian judge, then us | The domain registration we manage | Law 64 of 2012, arts. 175–178 | | Exequatur of a foreign judgment | Supreme Court, Fourth Chamber, then us | The domain registration we manage | Law 61 of 2015, arts. 155–157 | | Court of the registry's country | The registry | The domain at registry level | The registry's national law | | UDRP or URS | A dispute panel, then us or the registry | The domain name (transfer, cancellation, suspension) | ICANN UDRP Policy, URS Procedure | | DMCA notice to PanamaRegistrar | Us: log, forward, answer | No change to the domain | Our complaint procedure | ## What does the domain holder see? The holder receives the full notice at the domain's verified email, with our note on its status. They are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. No counter notice is needed, because nothing has been removed. A holder who disagrees can still answer; the answer is kept with the file. A holder who agrees can remove the material at the host. Either way, the outcome is recorded. With [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/), our company is the registrant of record, but the notice still reaches the customer, the beneficial owner. Prices for every extension are on the [pricing page](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## DMCA notices: questions ### Does PanamaRegistrar accept DMCA notices? Yes, as copyright complaints. Send them to abuse@panamaregistrar.com; no account is needed. Each one receives an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number and is forwarded to the domain holder. The domain is not suspended without a decision that binds us: a decision from a Panamanian court, or a foreign judgment recognised in Panama. ### Is PanamaRegistrar subject to the DMCA? The DMCA is a United States statute, and DomaineGoat LLC is incorporated in Panama. Section 512 sets conditions under which a service provider limits its liability under US law. It does not turn a private notice into an order binding a Panamanian company. A US registry, such as Verisign for .com, remains subject to US courts. ### What should a DMCA notice to you contain? The six elements of 17 U.S.C. §512(c)(3)(A) are a good model: signature, the work, the infringing material and its URL, your contact details, a good-faith statement and an accuracy statement. Add the domain name and any court decision you hold. The notice is forwarded to the holder as received. ### Will you disclose the website owner to me? No. We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case; a copyright notice is neither. A Panamanian court can order disclosure under Law 81 of 2019, art. 24, which also bars bulk requests. See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). ### Can a US court still take the domain? It can act through the registry. Each registry applies the law of its own country, and Verisign, which runs .com and .net, is in the United States. An order addressed to Verisign does not need us. For extensions whose registry is outside the United States, the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) gives the country. ### What if the site also hosts malware or phishing? Then it is handled under the strict exceptions, not as a copyright matter. Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report; child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. Send the evidence for that abuse separately through [Report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). ## Sources 1. [17 U.S. Code § 512 – Limitations on liability relating to material online](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/512) — Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Ley 64 de 10 de octubre de 2012, Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2012/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27139-B_2012_10_10_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_64.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional de Panamá (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27139-B (checked 2026-10-19) 3. [United States–Panama Trade Promotion Agreement, Chapter 15 (arts. 15.11.27, 15.13.2)](https://ustr.gov/archive/assets/Trade_Agreements/Bilateral/Panama_FTA/Final_Text/asset_upload_file131_10350.pdf) — Office of the United States Trade Representative (checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Ley 51 de 22 de julio de 2008 (arts. 87–91)](https://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Ley_No_51.pdf) — Ministerio Público de Panamá, Gaceta Oficial No. 26090 (checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado (arts. 155–157)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional de Panamá (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27885-A (checked 2026-10-19) 6. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019 (art. 24)](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Superintendencia de Bancos de Panamá (Legispan copy) (checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Register a domain in our company name: Domain protection > Domain protection registers your domain in our company name for +$29/year: transfer lock on, only your email held, human review. Crypto. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) +$29 a year on top of the domain price: our company as registrant, a transfer lock, only your email held, and a person reading every complaint. What the registry sees, what we release, and where the option stops. **Quick answer — What is Domain protection?** **PanamaRegistrar** Domain protection is proxy domain registration: for +$29 a year per domain, on top of the domain price, the domain is registered in the name of DomaineGoat LLC, so the registry and WHOIS/RDAP show our company, not you. The transfer lock is on, and a person reads every complaint before any action. You keep full control. Terms as of October 2026. ## Domain protection at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Price | +$29 per year and per domain, on top of the domain price | | Registrant of record | DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama | | Beneficial owner | You: DNS, nameservers, renewals and the transfer code stay in your account, and you can take the domain back in your own name, free | | Transfer lock | On by default; a transfer or DNS change is confirmed from your account | | Your data | Minimal: DomaineGoat LLC holds only your verified email, released only under the rule on the [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/) page | | Complaints | Each one read by a person before any action on the domain; this exists only with the option | | Extensions | 43 offer the option; 12 are sold with it only | | Leaving the option | Back in your own name on request, free; EPP code free, from your account, at any time, except in the 60 days after a registration or a transfer (ICANN Transfer Policy) and while a UDRP or court lock applies | ## What does Domain protection include? Domain protection includes four protections, and only four. They are written into the terms of each protected domain. 1. **Registered in our company's name.** The registry and WHOIS/RDAP show DomaineGoat LLC, never the customer. You stay the beneficial owner and can take the domain back in your own name, free. 2. **Transfer lock on.** Any transfer or DNS change must be confirmed from the customer's account. 3. **Minimal data.** DomaineGoat LLC holds only the customer's email. Its release follows the rule on the [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/) page. 4. **Every complaint read by a person before any action on the domain.** This point exists only with the option. Without it, complaints follow our [abuse policy](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). Phishing, malware and child abuse material are still acted on without waiting for a court, after that reading. What you pay for is the four points together, written into the domain's own terms. ## Standard registration vs with Domain protection The same domain, registered two ways. Prices are per year. | | Standard registration | With Domain protection | | --- | --- | --- | | Registrant of record | You | DomaineGoat LLC | | What the registry holds | A registrant record in your name, built from your verified email; the .com and .net registries receive no contact data | Our company's details; your email is not sent | | What public WHOIS/RDAP shows | Your details redacted or replaced, free, where the registry allows it | DomaineGoat LLC, never you | | Transfer lock | Not on by default | On from the first day | | How a transfer or DNS change is confirmed | From your account | From your account only, after you lift the lock there | | Data we keep | Account number, one verified email, orders and payments | The same records; your verified email is the only contact data, written into the domain's terms | | Complaint review | Handled under our abuse policy | Read by a person before any action on the domain | | Price | The extension price, e.g. .com $11.99 | The extension price + $29 | ## Who sees what with proxy domain registration? Six parties, two set-ups. This is the practical answer to "who can find out that this domain is mine?" | Party | Standard registration | With Domain protection | | --- | --- | --- | | A registry that holds registrant data (PIR for .org, Identity Digital for .io) | Your registrant record, built from your verified email, under the registry's rules | DomaineGoat LLC as registrant; your email never reaches the registry | | The .com and .net registries (Verisign) | No contact data: Verisign's RDAP shows the registrar, the nameservers and the dates | The same: no contact data | | Public WHOIS/RDAP | A privacy entry instead of your details, where the registry permits it | DomaineGoat LLC and our contact details | | Our registrar partner (shown in RDAP) | The registration record, under its own rules | The registration record in our company's name | | PanamaRegistrar | Account number, verified email, orders, payments | Account number, verified email, orders, payments | | A Panamanian court | Can order us to release what we hold, or to suspend the domain | The same: the option does not place you outside Panamanian law | | You | Everything, from your account | Everything, from your account | ## Can you hide the domain owner from the registry? Yes, with Domain protection: the registry receives DomaineGoat LLC as registrant, so you never appear in its database. That is the difference with free WHOIS privacy. Privacy only changes what the public lookup shows; a registry that holds registrant data still keeps your record behind it. This matters because each registry keeps its own copy of every registration and applies the law of its own country. Public Interest Registry, which runs .org, is in Reston, Virginia, United States; DENIC, which runs .de, is in Frankfurt, Germany (IANA root database, checked 19 October 2026). A court in that country can ask the registry for its file. With Domain protection, the file names our company. The .com and .net registries work differently. Verisign runs them as thin registries: it receives no registrant contact data, and its RDAP shows the registrar, the nameservers and the dates. For a .com, the option matters at the registrar level, where our registrar partner then records our company as registrant. The [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) lists the country of every registry we sell. ## How does the domain transfer lock work? A domain transfer lock blocks any move of the domain to another registrar until the lock is lifted. With Domain protection it is on from the day the domain is registered. - **Transfers out**: you lift the lock and request the EPP code from your account. The code is free, from your account, at any time, except in the 60 days after a registration or a transfer (ICANN Transfer Policy) and while a UDRP or court lock applies. There is no exit fee. - **DNS changes**: a change of nameservers or records is confirmed from your account, never by an email reply or a support ticket alone. - **Your codes stay yours**: We never ask for your password, your account number or your domain transfer (EPP) codes by email or chat. The lock protects against a hijack by someone who gets into your mailbox or tricks support. It does not stop a registry acting under its own law, and it does not stop a UDRP panel decision from being applied. ## Do I still own a domain registered in your company name? Yes: you are the beneficial owner, and the domain's terms say so. Four guarantees come with every protected domain. 1. **Beneficial ownership.** DomaineGoat LLC holds the registration for you; the domain is yours to use, renew, sell or move. 2. **Full control.** DNS, nameservers, renewals and the lock are managed from your account, as with any domain. 3. **Free EPP code.** The transfer code is free, from your account. ICANN's Transfer Policy still lets a transfer to another registrar be refused in the 60 days after a registration or a previous transfer, and a UDRP or court lock blocks it. 4. **Free return to your own name.** On request, we put the domain back in your name at no cost. It then becomes a standard registration, and the option is no longer charged. This is a change of registrant: under ICANN's Transfer Policy it can lock transfers to another registrar for 60 days, unless the opt-out that policy allows is used when you ask. Ask support before you request it if you plan to move the domain soon. For the 12 extensions sold only with Domain protection, a return to your own name means a transfer to a registrar that can register them in your name, because we do not sell them any other way. ## What are the limits of Domain protection? Domain protection changes the name on the registration. It does not change the law, our abuse policy or ICANN rules. - **Same strict exceptions.** Phishing (including pharming), malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report, protected or not; child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. Details: [report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). - **UDRP and URS.** A trademark complaint names the registrant of record, which is our company. We tell you, and you can answer it. The domain is locked within 2 business days of the provider's request and the panel decision is applied. See [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/). - **Registries.** A registry acts under its own country's law. A US court can order Verisign to act on a .com without asking us. - **Our registrar partner.** It keeps its own legal duties and abuse contact, and answers to the courts of its own country. - **ICANN data escrow.** Our accredited registrar partner deposits the registration data it holds with an ICANN-approved escrow agent (RAA 2013 §3.6). For a protected domain, the customer contact behind it is your verified email. - **No promise of impunity.** The option keeps your name out of the registration. It does not make unlawful content lawful. ## What does ICANN's RAA §3.7.7.3 mean for a proxy registration? It means the registrant of record who licenses a domain to someone else carries the liability for wrongful use, unless it discloses the licensee's contact details within 7 days. The disclosure goes to a party that gives *reasonable evidence of actionable harm* (ICANN, 2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement, §3.7.7.3). Two plain points follow. - **Our disclosure rule does not change.** The clause sets who is liable when there is no disclosure; we take that position for protected domains. We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. Foreign authorities go through Panamanian legal process, and bulk requests are refused. See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). - **This clause is why we keep one verified email per domain.** A registrant of record must be able to reach its licensee. That one address is the contact we hold for you; it is never published. ICANN rules also require it to be verified within 15 days. ## Which extensions are sold with Domain protection only? 12 extensions are sold with Domain protection only: .de, .uk, .nl, .cc, .to, .ch, .pl, .be, .at, .cz, .nz, .fi. Their registries require a registrant name and a postal address. We collect only an email, so the registry receives those of DomaineGoat LLC. The listed price of these extensions already includes the option. For .de, the extension alone is $7.99; with Domain protection the yearly price is $36.99. In all, 43 extensions can be ordered with Domain protection. Extensions whose rules require the customer's own identity or local presence, such as .us, .eu, .fr, .ca and .it, are not sold at all. ## The 12 extensions sold with Domain protection only Yearly price with the option included. Each row links to the extension's page, with its registry and the country where that registry sits. | Extension | 1st year | Renewal | Transfer | WHOIS privacy | Restrictions | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | .de (Domain protection only) | $36.99 | $36.99 | $36.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .uk (Domain protection only) | $38.49 | $38.49 | $38.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .nl (Domain protection only) | $37.99 | $37.99 | $37.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .ch (Domain protection only) | $41.49 | $41.49 | $41.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .pl (Domain protection only) | $43.49 | $43.49 | $43.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .be (Domain protection only) | $38.99 | $38.99 | $38.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .at (Domain protection only) | $44.99 | $44.99 | $44.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .cz (Domain protection only) | $43.99 | $43.99 | $43.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .cc (Domain protection only) | $43.99 | $43.99 | $43.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .to (Domain protection only) | $86.49 | $86.49 | $86.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .fi (Domain protection only) | $46.99 | $46.99 | $46.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .nz (Domain protection only) | $49.99 | $49.99 | $49.99 | Our details, not yours | None | *12 extensions · prices per year in USD* **Domain protection only**: sold only with Domain protection (registered in our company's name), because the registry requires a name and postal address; it receives those of DomaineGoat LLC, never yours. The price shown includes the $29/year for it. ## How much does Domain protection cost? One yearly price per extension, the same to register, renew and transfer, plus $29 for the option. Full list on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). | Extension | Domain alone, per year | Domain protection, per year | Notes | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | .com | $11.99 | +$29 | Registry: Verisign, United States | | .net | $12.99 | +$29 | Registry: Verisign, United States | | .org | $12.99 | +$29 | Optional | | .io | $52.99 | +$29 | Optional | | .ai | $85.49 | +$29 | Optional; minimum 2 years | | .de | $7.99 | Included: $36.99 in total | Sold with Domain protection only | | .uk | $9.49 | Included: $38.49 in total | Sold with Domain protection only | Paid from your crypto balance (BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC); minimum top-up $25. ## How does Domain protection compare with Njalla? Njalla is the best-known service that registers domains in its own name. Its facts below come from the sources cited, at the dates shown. | | PanamaRegistrar | Njalla | | --- | --- | --- | | Default model | In your name with free WHOIS privacy; in our company's name only with Domain protection | In Njalla's name by default, according to its terms as quoted in 2023 (Privacy Guides forum, secondary source) | | Price of a .com | $11.99 + $29 per year with the option | €15 per year, flat (njal.la/pricing, read 8 October 2026) | | Operating company | DomaineGoat LLC, Panama | njalla.srl, Costa Rica, since late 2024 (blog post of 14 September 2025, secondary) | | Written rule for releasing data | Only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case | Not checked for this page | | Return to your own name | On request, free | Not checked for this page | *Prices checked on October 8, 2026.* On price alone, Njalla's flat .com is lower than a .com with Domain protection. Our standard .com, with free WHOIS privacy, costs $11.99. Full comparison: [Njalla alternative](https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/njalla/). ## Domain protection: questions ### Is Domain protection the same as WHOIS privacy? No. WHOIS privacy hides your details from the public lookup, but a registry that holds registrant data still keeps your record. Domain protection registers the domain in the name of DomaineGoat LLC, so you never appear in the registry's record. WHOIS privacy is free wherever the registry allows it; Domain protection costs +$29 a year per domain and adds the transfer lock and a person reading every complaint. ### Does Domain protection stop my domain from being suspended? No. It changes the name on the registration, not the rules. Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report, protected or not. A registry can also act under its own country's law, and a UDRP panel decision is applied. What it adds is our company's name in the registry, a transfer lock, minimal data and a person reading every complaint before any action. ### Will a court ever see my name? We never had your name: the only contact data we hold is your verified email. We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. A foreign court must go through exequatur or a treaty request first. Details: [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). ### Who answers a UDRP complaint against a protected domain? You do, if you choose to. The complaint names the registrant of record, which is DomaineGoat LLC. We tell you as soon as it arrives, lock the domain within 2 business days of the provider's request, as ICANN requires, and apply the panel's decision. Procedure and deadlines: [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/). ### Can you suspend a protected domain without a court order? Yes, in the strict exceptions only: phishing (including pharming), malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material, and fraud that takes money from victims, on a well-documented report. Every other complaint, including copyright, defamation and competitor claims, needs a decision that binds us, such as a Panamanian court decision. On a protected domain, each complaint is first read by a person before any action on the domain. ### Can I drop Domain protection later? Yes. Ask, and we put the domain back in your own name, free; it becomes a standard registration and the option is no longer charged. The 12 extensions sold with Domain protection only are different: we sell them no other way, so leaving the option means moving the domain to another registrar with the free EPP code. ### How is Domain protection charged on a transfer, or when added later? Choose it per domain at checkout, on any of the 43 extensions of the offer, or add it later from the domain in your client area: the first charge is pro rata of $29 a year until the expiry date, then $29 is added to each renewal. On a transfer in, $29 covers the year the transfer adds, and the time already paid at your current registrar is billed pro rata from your balance once the transfer is done. Ending the option puts the domain back in your own name, free; nothing already paid for it is refunded. ### Why do you keep my email if the domain is in your name? Because ICANN rules require it. A registrant of record that licenses a domain must be able to give the licensee's contact on demand (RAA §3.7.7.3), and the registrant's email must be verified within 15 days. One verified address per domain covers both. It is never published, and it leaves us only under the rule on the [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/) page. ### How do I pay for Domain protection? From your prepaid crypto balance, like any domain: BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC. The minimum top-up is $25. Monero is not accepted. The option is charged per year and per domain, at renewal time, alongside the extension price. Step by step: [buy a domain with crypto](https://panamaregistrar.com/buy-domain-with-crypto/). **Search a domain and add Domain protection** +$29/year per domain · registered in our company's name · no ID, paid in crypto. [Search a domain](https://panamaregistrar.com/app/domains/?lang=en) · [See all prices](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/) ## Sources 1. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement and specifications (§3.4.1.5, §3.6, §3.7.7.3, Whois Accuracy Program Specification)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy](https://www.wipo.int/en/web/amc/domain-name-disputes/resources/updated_udrp_rules) — WIPO (checked 2026-10-08) 3. [Root Zone Database: .com](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/com.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Root Zone Database: .de](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/de.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Njalla pricing](https://njal.la/pricing/) — Njalla (checked 2026-10-08) 6. [Can't decide on domain registrar (forum thread quoting Njalla's terms)](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/cant-decide-on-domain-registrar/10830/8) — Privacy Guides forum (2023) 7. [Njalla has silently changed: a word of caution](https://xn--gckvb8fzb.com/njalla-has-silently-changed-a-word-of-caution/) — Personal blog (2025-09-14) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # PanamaRegistrar FAQ > PanamaRegistrar FAQ: 34 answers on complaints, Panamanian court orders, DMCA notices, data disclosure, Domain protection, crypto payment and transfers. No KYC. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/faq/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Each answer starts with the answer. Each links to the page with the full procedure. **Quick answer — What does the PanamaRegistrar FAQ cover?** The **PanamaRegistrar** FAQ answers 34 questions about registering a domain under Panamanian jurisdiction: complaints, court orders, data, Domain protection, crypto payment, registries and transfers. The short version: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints, with strict exceptions for phishing, malware and fraud. Answers checked as of October 2026. ## Key facts behind most answers | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Jurisdiction | DomaineGoat LLC, incorporated in Panama; domains registered through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner | | Complaints | No takedown on a complaint alone; a Panamanian court decides, except the strict exceptions | | Data | Released only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case | | Identity | No ID, no KYC; one verified email per domain, the only contact data collected | | Payment | Crypto only (BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC), minimum top-up $25; no Monero | | .com | $11.99/year, the same to renew and transfer | ## Policy and procedure ### Is PanamaRegistrar offshore? Yes: the operator, DomaineGoat LLC, is incorporated in Panama, so Panamanian courts decide when we suspend a domain or release the data we hold. That does not take a domain outside every other law. Each extension's registry applies its own country's law, your host applies its own, and our ICANN-accredited registrar partner keeps its own legal duties. See [offshore domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/offshore-domain-registration/). ### Is PanamaRegistrar accredited by ICANN? No. DomaineGoat LLC, the Panamanian company behind PanamaRegistrar, holds no ICANN accreditation of its own. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. Our Panamanian rules govern what DomaineGoat LLC does with your account, the data it holds and the complaints sent to it. See [about](https://panamaregistrar.com/about/). ### Will my domain be suspended if someone complains? Not on a complaint alone. Copyright, defamation, political and competitor complaints need a decision from a Panamanian court; a foreign judgment must first be recognised in Panama by exequatur. The strict exceptions are different: phishing, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material and fraud are suspended on a well-documented report. The full sequence is on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page. ### What exactly are the strict exceptions? Phishing (including pharming), malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material, and fraud that takes money from victims: fake shops, investment and crypto scams, wallet drainers, impersonation of a bank or brand, and sale of stolen data. Spam counts only when it carries one of these. A well-documented report is enough for a suspension. Reports: [report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). ### How fast do you act on an abuse report? Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud are acted on within 24 hours of a well-documented report. Child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. A UDRP lock is applied within 2 business days. Other abuse reports are answered within 2 business days. Each report first gets an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number. Send reports to abuse@panamaregistrar.com; no account is needed. Details on [report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). ### Will you tell me if someone complains about my domain? Yes: you are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. The message goes to the verified email of the domain and says what was received and what we did. With Domain protection, every complaint is also read by a person before any action on the domain; without it, complaints follow our abuse policy. See [how we handle complaints](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/). ## Law and courts ### Do you respond to DMCA notices? We answer them, but they do not take a domain down. A DMCA notice is a US-law procedure aimed mainly at hosts. For us it is a complaint like any other: logged, forwarded to the holder, and no takedown without a decision that binds us, such as a Panamanian court decision. Panama's copyright law, Law 64 of 2012, has no notice-and-takedown procedure. The US registry of a .com can still be ordered by a US court. See [DMCA notices](https://panamaregistrar.com/dmca-notices/). ### What if a Panamanian court orders a suspension? We apply it. Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. We then act on the domain the order names, and we tell you before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. The order is counted in the next [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). The procedure, including what an order must contain and where to send it, is on [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/). ### Can a foreign court order you to suspend my domain? Not directly. A foreign judgment binds us after recognition in Panama: the application goes to the Fourth Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice (Law 61 of 2015, Arts. 155–157). A foreign court can, however, reach a registry in its own country, such as Verisign for .com in the United States. See [can a foreign court seize my domain?](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/can-a-foreign-court-seize-my-domain/). ### Is offshore domain registration legal? Yes, for lawful use. Choosing a registration service in another country is ordinary commerce, and ICANN's rules apply to it in full through the accredited registrar. Phishing, malware, child abuse material and fraud stay illegal everywhere, and the law of the places where you live and publish still applies to you. Read [offshore domain law: what stays illegal](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/is-offshore-domain-registration-legal/). This is not legal advice. ### Which Panamanian laws matter for my domain? Three, mainly. Law 81 of 2019 protects personal data and has been in force since 29 March 2021. Law 61 of 2015 sets how foreign judgments are recognised. Law 478 of 2025 added cybercrime offences and data orders to Panamanian criminal law. The texts, with links to the Gaceta Oficial, are on [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/). ## Data ### Will you tell me if someone asks for my data? Yes, unless the law or the order forbids it. Some Panamanian orders require confidentiality: a preservation order of the Public Prosecutor's Office, for example, binds the data holder to keep it confidential (Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 338-A, added by Law 478 of 2025). Requests are counted by origin country and outcome in the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). ### When do you release customer data? Only when Panamanian law requires it: a Panamanian court order, or a prosecutor's order from the Ministerio Público, such as a preservation or production order (Arts. 338-A and 338-C); or in a UDRP case. Foreign authorities go through treaties or exequatur, and bulk requests are refused (Law 81 of 2019, Art. 24). See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). ### What data do you hold about me? Little: a random account number, one verified email per domain, your orders and the top-ups that credited your balance. The email is the only contact data we collect. We hold no ID document, phone number or card. We can only release what we hold; our registrar partner and the registry keep their own records. The field-by-field list is on [what we hold about you](https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/). ### Do you answer urgent requests from the police? Yes, first. An imminent threat to life, serious bodily injury or child abuse material goes to abuse@panamaregistrar.com with the subject "URGENT". We can suspend an abusive domain at once, but the data we hold still leaves us only on a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order. How we check requests: [law enforcement](https://panamaregistrar.com/law-enforcement/). ### Is my email shown in WHOIS? No. The verified email of a domain is never published in WHOIS/RDAP. Messages sent to the domain's contact are forwarded to your verified email; spam and bulk mail are not forwarded. WHOIS/RDAP privacy is free wherever the extension allows it, and what stays public depends on each registry. With Domain protection the public record shows DomaineGoat LLC. See [no-KYC domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/). ## Domain protection ### What is Domain protection? A paid option at +$29 per year and per domain, on top of the domain price. The domain is registered in the name of DomaineGoat LLC, and you can take it back in your own name, free; a transfer lock is on; we hold only your email; and every complaint is read by a person before any action on the domain, a point that exists only with the option. Details: [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). ### Who owns a domain with Domain protection? You do, as beneficial owner. Our company is the registrant of record, but you keep full control from your account: DNS, renewals, the lock and the transfer code, which is free. On request, the domain is put back in your own name, free; that change of registrant can lock transfers for 60 days under ICANN's Transfer Policy unless its opt-out is used. See [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). ### Who answers a UDRP complaint against a protected domain? You can. A UDRP complaint names the registrant of record, which is our company, so we tell you when it arrives and you can answer it. As ICANN requires, the domain is locked within 2 business days of the provider's request and the panel's decision is applied. See [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/). ### Which extensions need Domain protection? 12 extensions are sold with Domain protection only: .de, .uk, .nl, .cc, .to, .ch, .pl, .be, .at, .cz, .nz, .fi. Their registries require a registrant name and postal address, and we collect only an email, so the registry receives those of DomaineGoat LLC. Their listed prices include the option. In all, 43 extensions can take it. See the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ### Does Domain protection stop a suspension? No. It changes the name on the registration, not the rules. Phishing, malware, botnets, child abuse material and fraud are suspended on a well-documented report, protected or not. A registry can act under its own country's law, and a UDRP decision is applied. What the option adds is our company as registrant, the transfer lock, minimal data and a person reading every complaint first. See [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). ## Payment and prices ### Do you accept Monero? No. Monero (XMR) is not accepted, at checkout or through support. We accept BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC. Payment works through a prepaid balance with a minimum top-up of $25. Each coin, network and step is described on [buy a domain with crypto](https://panamaregistrar.com/buy-domain-with-crypto/). ### How do I pay for a domain? From a prepaid balance that you top up in crypto. You choose a coin and a network, send the exact amount on the exact network, and the top-up is credited after the network confirmations. Your payment is matched by its exact amount on the payment page. Domains, renewals and transfers are then paid from the balance. See [buy a domain with crypto](https://panamaregistrar.com/buy-domain-with-crypto/). ### Is the renewal price the same as the first year? Yes. Each extension has one yearly price for the first year, every renewal and a transfer: a .com is $11.99/year. A .ai is registered for 2 years minimum, so a new .ai costs twice $85.49 at checkout, and a .ai transfer is billed 2 years too ($85.49 + one renewal = $170.98). Domain protection adds $29 a year where chosen. All prices are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ### Can I get my balance back? Only where the balance rule allows it. The rule as it stands: Unused balance stays on your account and never expires, and it pays for new domains, renewals and transfers. When a purchase costs less than the minimum top-up, the part added only to reach the minimum is refundable on request to support within 30 days of the payment, in USDT or USDC, as long as it has not been spent. The rest of the balance is not paid back, except where the law requires it. Refund requests go to support@panamaregistrar.com. ### Do I need an ID or a card to pay? No. There is no ID document, no selfie, no card and no bank transfer. You need an account, identified by a random account number, and one verified email per domain, which ICANN rules require to be checked within 15 days. See [no-KYC domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/). ## Extensions and registries ### How many extensions do you sell? 43 extensions, each with its own page giving the registry, the country where that registry sits, the rules and the price. They range from .com, .net and .org to country codes such as .de, .ch and .io. The full list is on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/) and in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). ### Why don't you sell .us, .eu, .fr, .ca or .it? Because their rules require the registrant to qualify personally, by nationality, residence or local presence, or forbid proxy registration, as .us does. Selling them would mean asking for your identity, which we do not do. Our company's details cannot stand in for yours on those extensions. See [no-KYC domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/). ### Who runs .com, and why does it matter? VeriSign Global Registry Services, in Reston, Virginia, United States, according to IANA's root zone database. It matters because a US court can order Verisign to put a .com on hold or transfer it, without our involvement. Every registry's country is in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/), and the .com rules are on the [.com page](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/com/). ### Is a domain search result always final? Almost always. For .io, .co and .me, availability is confirmed by the registry only when the order is placed, so a name shown as free can still be refused at that point. If that happens, the amount stays on your balance for another name. Search on [the domain search](https://panamaregistrar.com/app/domains/?lang=en). ## Transfers and ownership ### How do I transfer a domain away from PanamaRegistrar? Lift the transfer lock in your account, take the EPP code and start the transfer at the new registrar. The code is free, from your account, at any time, except in the 60 days after a registration or a transfer (ICANN Transfer Policy) and while a UDRP or court lock applies. There is no exit fee. With Domain protection, the lock is on by default and must be released from your account first. See [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). ### How much does a transfer to PanamaRegistrar cost? One year at the extension's transfer price, which is the same as its registration price: a .com transfer is $11.99/year. A generic extension such as .com gains one year on transfer; a .ai is billed 2 years (transfer + 1 renewal, $170.98) and gains 2; for another country code, whether a year is added depends on its registry. Unlock the domain at your current registrar and get its EPP code before you start. Prices for every extension are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ### What does the transfer lock do? It blocks any transfer of the domain to another registrar until you lift it from your account. With Domain protection, it is on from the first day, and any transfer or DNS change must be confirmed from your account. It protects against a hijack through a stolen mailbox; it does not stop a registry or a UDRP decision. ### What happens to my domains if PanamaRegistrar closes? For generic extensions, our ICANN-accredited registrar partner deposits registration data with an escrow agent, as ICANN requires, so the domains can be moved to another registrar. You can also leave on your own with the free transfer code, outside the 60-day ICANN transfer lock that follows a registration or a transfer. See [registrar vs registry vs host](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/registrar-vs-registry-vs-host/). ## Sources 1. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement and specifications](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (para. 4)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-rules-2015-03-11-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional de Panamá (Legispan) (Gaceta Oficial 27885-A, 8 October 2015) 4. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019, protección de datos personales](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial 28743-A (copy hosted by the Superintendencia de Bancos) (checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (cybercrime measures)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial de Panamá (Gaceta Oficial 30337, 5 August 2025) 6. [Ley 64 de 10 de octubre de 2012, derecho de autor](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2012/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27139-B_2012_10_10_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_64.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional de Panamá (Legispan) (Gaceta Oficial 27139-B, 10 October 2012) 7. [Root Zone Database: .com](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/com.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Domain law glossary: exequatur, UDRP, RDAP and more > Domain law glossary: 40 terms from exequatur and habeas data to UDRP, RDAP and DNS abuse, defined in plain words with Panamanian and ICANN sources. No KYC. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/glossary/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) The legal and technical words used across our procedure pages, defined in plain English. Each entry links to the page that develops it. **Quick answer — What do domain law terms like exequatur, UDRP and RDAP mean?** Exequatur is the Panamanian court recognition a foreign judgment needs before it binds a Panamanian company such as ours. The UDRP is ICANN's trademark dispute policy for domains. RDAP is the protocol that replaced WHOIS for generic domains in January 2025. This **PanamaRegistrar** domain law glossary defines 40 such terms, as of October 2026. ## How to read this glossary | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Terms | 40, in four groups: Panamanian law, cross-border cooperation, registration and ICANN, disputes and abuse | | Panamanian sources | Official Gaceta Oficial and Legispan texts, checked on 19 October 2026 | | ICANN sources | RAA 2013, Registration Data Policy, UDRP Rules, URS procedure | | Our policy in one line | We act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints | | Operator | DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama, working through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner | ## Panamanian law and procedure **Actual knowledge (conocimiento efectivo)** — The test for intermediary liability in Law 51 of 2008 (arts. 87–91). An intermediary has actual knowledge once a competent authority has declared content unlawful, ordered its removal, and the intermediary knows of that decision. A private complaint does not create it. See [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/). **ANTAI** — The Autoridad Nacional de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información, Panama's data protection regulator under Law 81 of 2019. It hears complaints from data subjects, rules on inaccurate data, keeps the register of transfers and imposes sanctions. See [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/). **Bulk request** — A request for data not tied to named domains or persons, such as every customer of a registrar. Article 24 of Panama's Law 81 of 2019 says bulk requests are never admitted. We refuse them, whoever sends them. See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). **Court order (Panamanian)** — A written decision of a Panamanian judge requiring a measure: suspension, transfer, lock or release of data. It is the basis of our policy. We confirm every order with the court that issued it before acting. See [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/). **Exequatur** — The procedure by which a Panamanian court recognises a foreign judgment so that it can be enforced in Panama. Under Law 61 of 2015 (arts. 155–157), the Sala Cuarta of the Supreme Court decides, applying four conditions. Without it, a foreign judgment does not bind us. See [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/). **Expedited preservation (CPP art. 338-A)** — An order of the Ministerio Público, created by Law 478 of 2025, requiring a custodian to keep specified data for up to 90 days, renewable. The custodian must keep the order confidential. It freezes data; it does not release it. See [law enforcement](https://panamaregistrar.com/law-enforcement/). **Habeas data** — A court action under article 44 of the Constitution of Panama. It lets a person have their data corrected, updated, deleted or kept confidential, including in private registers kept by businesses that serve the public. See [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/). **Ministerio Público** — Panama's public prosecution service, headed by the Procurador General de la Nación. Since Law 478 of 2025, it may order the preservation (CPP art. 338-A) or production (art. 338-C) of computer data. We treat such orders as binding Panamanian process. See [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/). **Production order (CPP art. 338-C)** — An order by which the Ministerio Público requires a person or company to supply computer data in its possession or control, including subscriber data. Article 338-C was added by Law 478 of 4 August 2025. We verify it, comply, and count it separately. See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). **Sala Cuarta de Negocios Generales** — The Fourth Chamber, for General Affairs, of Panama's Supreme Court of Justice. Under article 157 of Law 61 of 2015, it hears exequatur applications for foreign judgments. It gives five days to the party bound and to the Procurador General. See [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/). ## Cross-border cooperation **24/7 contact point** — A national office reachable at any hour for urgent cybercrime cooperation, as the Budapest Convention requires. In Panama, Law 11 of 2015, as amended by Law 478 of 2025, has it designated by the Procurador General. Foreign preservation requests go through it. See [law enforcement](https://panamaregistrar.com/law-enforcement/). **Budapest Convention** — The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime (ETS 185), the main treaty on electronic evidence between States. Panama deposited its accession on 5 March 2014, and the Convention took effect for Panama on 1 July 2014. See [law enforcement](https://panamaregistrar.com/law-enforcement/). **Letter rogatory** — A formal request from a court in one country to a court in another to perform a judicial act, such as serving papers or taking evidence. Between American States it follows the Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory (OAS B-36), ratified by Panama in 1975. See [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/). **MLAT** — A mutual legal assistance treaty: an agreement for cooperation between States in criminal cases. The US–Panama MLAT was signed on 11 April 1991 and has been in force since 6 September 1995. US requests for our data go through it. See [law enforcement](https://panamaregistrar.com/law-enforcement/). **In rem action** — A lawsuit brought against a thing, here a domain name, rather than against its holder. United States trademark law allows it for domain names (15 U.S.C. §1125(d)(2)): the case is filed where the registrar or the registry is located, and the court can order the name forfeited, cancelled or transferred. That is why the registry's country matters. See [can a foreign court seize my domain?](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/can-a-foreign-court-seize-my-domain/). ## Registration, data and ICANN **Auth code (EPP code)** — A password-like code that the current registrar issues so that a domain can be transferred to another registrar. At PanamaRegistrar, the auth code is free, from your account, at any time, except in the 60 days after a registration or a transfer (ICANN Transfer Policy) and while a UDRP or court lock applies, with no exit fee. See [the FAQ](https://panamaregistrar.com/faq/). **Beneficial owner** — The person who controls and uses a domain when someone else is the registrant of record. With Domain protection, our company is the registrant of record and the customer stays the beneficial owner, with full control and a free transfer code. See [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). **Data escrow** — A regular deposit of registration data with an ICANN-approved escrow agent, required of every accredited registrar for generic domains; for our domains, our registrar partner makes it. If a registrar stops operating, the data lets another registrar take over its domains. See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). **ICANN** — The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, the body that accredits registrars for generic domains such as .com and sets their duties by contract. Its rules apply to every accredited registrar, whatever its country. See [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/). **Privacy service** — A service that replaces the registrant's details in public WHOIS/RDAP output with a contact of the provider, while the customer stays the registrant. At PanamaRegistrar it is free wherever the registry allows it. See [what we hold](https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/). **Proxy registration** — A registration in which the provider itself is the registrant of record and licenses the domain's use to the customer. ICANN's RAA §3.7.7.3 governs the liability this creates. Our version is called Domain protection. See [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). **RAA (Registrar Accreditation Agreement)** — The contract between ICANN and each accredited registrar, in its 2013 version with later amendments. It sets duties on email verification, abuse handling (§3.18), data escrow and proxy registrations (§3.7.7.3). See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). **RDAP** — The Registration Data Access Protocol, the structured successor to WHOIS. Since 28 January 2025, ICANN no longer requires WHOIS for generic domains, and RDAP is the reference service. Lookups are free at lookup.icann.org. See [what we hold](https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/). **RDRS** — ICANN's Registration Data Request Service, a voluntary system for asking registrars to disclose non-public data. Its pilot ran from November 2023 to November 2025 and handled more than 3,700 requests. See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). **Registrant of record** — The person or company named as holder of a domain in the registry's database. It is the party a UDRP complaint names. With Domain protection, the registrant of record is DomaineGoat LLC. See [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). **Registrar** — A company accredited to register domains with registries on behalf of customers; ICANN accredits registrars for generic domains. PanamaRegistrar is not one: it is a brand of DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama, and its domains are registered through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record. See [registrar vs registry vs host](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/registrar-vs-registry-vs-host/). **Registration Data Policy** — ICANN's policy on what registration data is collected, published and disclosed, effective since 21 August 2025. A 12 May 2026 update adds a 24-hour response to urgent requests, pending a law-enforcement authentication mechanism. See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). **Registry** — The organisation that runs an extension's database and sets its rules, such as Verisign for .com or DENIC for .de. Each registry keeps its own copy of every registration and applies its own country's law. See [registry jurisdiction](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). **Reseller** — A company that sells domain registrations under an accredited registrar's accreditation, without its own. ICANN's RAA (§3.12) makes the registrar impose its rules on resellers. PanamaRegistrar works this way, with its own Panamanian rules for the accounts and data it holds. See [registrar vs registry vs host](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/registrar-vs-registry-vs-host/). **Transfer lock** — A status (clientTransferProhibited) that blocks moving a domain to another registrar until it is removed. With Domain protection, the lock is on by default, and any transfer or DNS change must be confirmed from the account. See [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). **WHOIS** — The older protocol and service for looking up who holds a domain. For generic domains, it has been replaced by RDAP since 28 January 2025. Personal data is no longer published by default. See [what we hold](https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/). ## Disputes, abuse and takedowns **clientHold and serverHold** — Statuses that remove a domain from the DNS, so it stops resolving. The registrar sets clientHold; the registry sets serverHold, which a registrar cannot lift. A suspension by us is a clientHold, set by our registrar partner at our request. See [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/). **CSAM** — Child sexual abuse material, called "material de abuso sexual infantil" in Panama's Penal Code (arts. 184–185, amended by Law 478 of 2025). We suspend a domain carrying it immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. See [report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). **DMCA** — The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, a United States law that includes a notice-and-takedown procedure for service providers. It is not Panamanian law. We forward DMCA notices to the holder and act only on a Panamanian court decision. See [DMCA notices](https://panamaregistrar.com/dmca-notices/). **DNS abuse** — In ICANN's contracts, malware, botnets, phishing, pharming, and spam when it carries one of those. Since 5 April 2024, RAA §3.18.2 requires prompt mitigation once a registrar has actionable evidence. We add fraud that takes money from victims. See [report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). **Notice-and-takedown** — A procedure in which a private notice obliges a provider to remove content to keep its liability shield. We found none in Panama's copyright Law 64 of 2012. Under Law 51 of 2008, an authority's decision is needed. See [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/). **Transparency report** — Our public count of complaints, court orders, data requests by country, UDRP and URS cases, and strict-exception suspensions. It is published every quarter; the first, in January 2027, covers launch to 31 December 2026. See [transparency](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). **Strict exceptions** — The abuses we act on without waiting for a court, on a well-documented report: phishing (including pharming), malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material, and fraud that takes money from victims. Spam counts only when it carries one of these. Phishing, malware and fraud are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report. See [report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). **UDRP** — The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy, ICANN's procedure for trademark disputes over generic domains. On the provider's request, the registrar locks the domain within 2 business days and later applies the panel's decision. See [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/). **URS** — The Uniform Rapid Suspension System, a faster trademark procedure for new generic domains. The registry locks the domain within 24 hours, the holder has 14 days to respond, and the complainant needs clear and convincing evidence. See [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/). ## Where do these terms come from? Panamanian terms come from the official texts: the Constitution, Law 81 of 2019, Law 61 of 2015, Law 51 of 2008, Law 64 of 2012 and Law 478 of 2025. ICANN terms come from its contracts and policies. Each text is cited with its date on the [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/) page and in the sources below. The terms describe how a domain registered with us is handled. Domain prices for all 43 extensions are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## Sources 1. [Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Texto Único (arts. 29, 42, 44)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/gacetas/25176_2004.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 25176 (November 2004, checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019, protección de datos personales](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 28743-A (Legispan copy, Superintendencia de Bancos) (29 March 2019, checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27885-A (8 October 2015, checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Ley 51 de 22 de julio de 2008, comercio electrónico](https://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Ley_No_51.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 26090 (Legispan copy, Ministerio Público) (24 July 2008, checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Ley 64 de 10 de octubre de 2012, sobre Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2012/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27139-B_2012_10_10_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_64.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27139-B (10 October 2012, checked 2026-10-19) 6. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025, medidas contra la ciberdelincuencia](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (5 August 2025, checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Convention on Cybercrime, accession of Panama (UNTS vol. 2993, A-40916)](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202993/volume-2993-A-40916.pdf) — United Nations Treaty Series (effective 1 July 2014, checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Panama (95-906) – Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty](https://2021-2025.state.gov/panama-95-906-mutual-legal-assistance-treaty) — US Department of State (in force 6 September 1995, checked 2026-10-19) 9. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement and specifications](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 10. [Registration Data Policy](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/registration-data-policy-2024-02-21-en) — ICANN (effective 21 August 2025, updated 12 May 2026, checked 2026-10-19) 11. [ICANN update: launching RDAP, sunsetting WHOIS](https://www.icann.org/en/announcements/details/icann-update-launching-rdap-sunsetting-whois-27-01-2025-en) — ICANN (27 January 2025, checked 2026-10-19) 12. [Compliance Advisory: DNS abuse obligations in the RAA and RA](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/advisory-compliance-dns-abuse-obligations-raa-ra-2024-02-05-en) — ICANN (5 February 2024, checked 2026-10-19) 13. [Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-rules-2015-03-11-en) — ICANN (effective 31 July 2015, checked 2026-10-19) 14. [Uniform Rapid Suspension System (URS)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/urs-2013-10-31-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 15. [ICANN's RDRS two-year pilot: what we learned and where we go next](https://www.icann.org/en/blogs/details/icanns-rdrs-two-year-pilot-what-we-learned-and-where-we-go-next-03-03-2026-en) — ICANN (3 March 2026, checked 2026-10-19) > **This is not legal advice** These definitions are short summaries written to explain our procedure, as of 19 October 2026. A legal term can carry more conditions in the text that defines it. For a decision about a real case, consult a lawyer. --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Can a foreign court seize my domain? > Can a foreign court seize my domain? Yes, through the registry or the host: how US courts reach .com via Verisign, and what a Panama registrar can do. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/can-a-foreign-court-seize-my-domain/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Yes, and the company you register through is only one of the doors. This guide shows the other doors, the US laws used most often, and what a service in Panama can and cannot change. **Quick answer — Can a foreign court seize my domain?** Yes. As of October 2026, a foreign court can reach your domain through its registry, its registrar of record, its host or you, even with a service abroad. PanamaRegistrar acts only on Panamanian orders, but a US court can order Verisign, the .com registry in Reston, Virginia. 15 U.S.C. §1125(d)(2) even lets trademark owners sue the domain itself. ## The short version | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Doors a court can use | 5: the registry, the registrar of record (our partner), PanamaRegistrar, the host, and you in person | | .com and .net registry | VeriSign Global Registry Services, Reston, Virginia, United States (IANA) | | US civil route | In rem action under 15 U.S.C. §1125(d)(2), filed where the registrar or registry sits | | US criminal route | Seizure orders or warrants issued by federal judges, then served on the registry | | What binds PanamaRegistrar | Panamanian courts; a foreign judgment only after exequatur (Law 61 of 2015) | | What we cannot stop | A registry, or our registrar partner, acting under the law of its own country | | Where to check each registry | [Registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) | ## Which doors can a court use to take a domain? A court can act through five different parties, and each answers to its own country's law. 1. **The registry.** It runs the extension and keeps the master record of every name in it. A registry can lock a domain, change its nameservers or transfer it, without the registrar's help. 2. **The registrar of record.** For our domains, it is our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record. It keeps the registration record and its own legal duties, and a court of its own country can order it to suspend or transfer the domain. 3. **PanamaRegistrar.** We hold your account, your verified email and the DNS settings we manage, and we answer to Panamanian courts. 4. **The host.** It stores the website or mail. A court where the server sits can order the content removed, while the domain stays registered. 5. **You.** A court with power over you can order you to transfer or delete the domain yourself. Choosing a service in Panama changes door 3 only. That is still worth something: it decides who can obtain your account data from us and who must convince us before we act on your domain. But it leaves doors 1, 2, 4 and 5 as they are. For the roles in detail, see [registrar vs registry vs host](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/registrar-vs-registry-vs-host/). ## How can a US court reach a .com or .net? Through Verisign, which manages both registries from Reston, Virginia, according to the IANA root zone database. A US court does not need the registrar's cooperation. It can address its order to the registry. US trademark law makes this explicit. Under 15 U.S.C. §1125(d)(2), the owner of a mark can file an **in rem** action against the domain name itself. The action is brought in the judicial district where the registrar, the registry or another domain name authority is located. For a .com, that includes the federal court whose district covers Reston. The statute sets two limits: - It applies when the mark owner cannot obtain personal jurisdiction over the registrant, or cannot find the registrant after due diligence. - The remedies are limited to a court order to forfeit or cancel the domain, or to transfer it to the mark owner. In practice, this means a .com held by a registrant anywhere in the world can be transferred by a US court order sent to Verisign. ## What is a domain seizure warrant? It is a criminal court order that lets US authorities take control of a domain. Seizure orders are issued by federal judges, often magistrate judges, on an application by prosecutors or investigators. US Immigration and Customs Enforcement described one large operation in a release dated 27 November 2011. It said 150 website domains selling counterfeit goods were seized, on orders obtained from federal magistrate judges. Visitors then saw a seizure banner, and the release stated that the domains were in the custody of the federal government. The order can be served on the registry. In 2018, a seizure warrant of the US District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (magistrate no. 18-665), published by the Justice Department, was addressed to "VeriSign, Inc., Reston, VA" as the registry and ordered it to seize the domain toknowall.com within 14 days. None of these steps goes through the country of the company you registered with. That is why we never describe a registration service as a shield against a registry's courts. ## What can PanamaRegistrar do, and not do? PanamaRegistrar controls its own records and its own actions, nothing more. **What PanamaRegistrar can do:** - Refuse to act on a foreign judgment until it is recognised in Panama. Under articles 155 to 157 of Law 61 of 2015, that recognition (exequatur) is decided by the Fourth Chamber of the Supreme Court. - Release the data it holds only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. - Tell you before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. - Count each foreign order, accepted or refused, in the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). **What it cannot do:** - Stop a registry, or our registrar partner, from applying a court order of its own country. - Undo a registry lock, transfer or deletion. - Set aside ICANN duties. A UDRP case locks the domain within 2 business days of the provider's request. A URS case is locked at registry level within 24 hours. Our full rules for orders are on [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/) and the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/). ## What happens when a foreign order reaches PanamaRegistrar The same sequence for every foreign court order sent to us. It does not apply to an order served on a registry, which we only learn about afterwards. 1. **Logged** — The order gets an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number and is logged with its date, sender and domain. 2. **Checked with the court** — In practice, we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. 3. **Exequatur or not** — A foreign judgment without recognition in Panama is refused, and the sender is told what Panamanian law requires. 4. **You are told** — We write to your verified email before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. 5. **Counted** — The order appears in the next transparency report, by country of origin and outcome. ## How do I choose an extension whose registry is outside a given country? Look up the registry's country before you register. The IANA root zone database names the organisation that manages each extension, with its address. Our [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) shows it for every extension we sell. A few examples from the IANA database, checked on 19 October 2026: *Registry country from the IANA root zone database, checked 2026-10-19. Prices from our price list.* | Extension | Registry (IANA) | Registry country | Price here | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | .com | VeriSign Global Registry Services | United States (Reston, Virginia) | $11.99 | | .net | VeriSign Global Registry Services | United States (Reston, Virginia) | $12.99 | | .org | Public Interest Registry | United States (Reston, Virginia) | $12.99 | | .xyz | XYZ.COM LLC | United States (Las Vegas, Nevada) | $11.99 | | .de | DENIC eG | Germany (Frankfurt am Main) | $36.99 (with Domain protection) | | .ch | SWITCH | Switzerland (Zurich) | $41.49 (with Domain protection) | | .me | Government of Montenegro | Montenegro (Podgorica) | $18.49 | | .co | MinTIC (technical operator CentralNic, London) | Colombia | $31.99 | ## Is picking a foreign registry a way to escape justice? No, and it should not be used that way. Choosing a registry country is ordinary risk management, the same as choosing where to incorporate or where to host data. A European company may prefer that a dispute over its domain is heard in Europe. A publisher may want a takedown to pass through the courts of one known country. Three limits stay in place whatever you choose: - The courts of the registry's own country can still act on the domain. - A court with power over you can order you to hand over the domain. - Phishing, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended on a well-documented report at PanamaRegistrar, without waiting for any court. If you are already a party to a case, moving a domain will not end it. Ask a lawyer in the country concerned. Background on legality: [is offshore domain registration legal?](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/is-offshore-domain-registration-legal/). > **This is not legal advice.** This guide describes public legal texts and official releases as of 19 October 2026. For a dispute about your own domain, consult a lawyer qualified in the country whose courts are involved. ## Questions about foreign courts and domains ### Can a US court take my .com if my registrar is in Panama? Yes. Verisign, the .com registry, is in Reston, Virginia, and a US court can order it to lock, transfer or cancel the domain. US trademark law even allows an in rem action against the domain itself where the registry sits. PanamaRegistrar cannot block an order served on Verisign. We can only tell you before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. ### What is an in rem action against a domain name? It is a lawsuit against the domain itself rather than its owner. Under 15 U.S.C. §1125(d)(2), a trademark owner can file one where the registrar or registry is located. This applies when the registrant cannot be sued in person or found. The court can only order the domain forfeited, cancelled or transferred to the mark owner. ### Does PanamaRegistrar obey foreign court orders? Not directly. A foreign judgment binds PanamaRegistrar only after the Fourth Chamber of Panama's Supreme Court recognises it by exequatur, under Law 61 of 2015. Foreign criminal requests go through Panamanian authorities, for example under the US–Panama legal assistance treaty in force since 6 September 1995. Our registrar partner answers to the courts of its own country. See [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/). ### Can a court seize a .de or .ch domain? Yes, but through other countries' courts. DENIC, the .de registry, is in Frankfurt, Germany, and SWITCH, the .ch registry, is in Zurich, Switzerland. A US order would need to go through German or Swiss procedure to reach them. At PanamaRegistrar these two extensions are sold with Domain protection only; .de costs $36.99 a year. ### Will I be told if my domain is seized? If the order comes to us, yes. We write to your verified email before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. If the order is served on the registry, we may learn of it only when the domain status changes. US seizure warrants are sometimes sealed by the court, so neither you nor we may be told in advance. ### Can a foreign court get my personal data from PanamaRegistrar? Only through Panamanian law. We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. Our registrar partner and, for thick extensions such as .org, the registry also hold registration records under their own law; the .com and .net registries hold no contact data. See [what we hold](https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/). ### Does a domain seizure take down my hosting too? Not necessarily. A domain seizure changes where the name points; your server and files stay with your host. Your host answers to the courts of its own country, which can order content removed separately. Keeping registrar, registry and host in different countries spreads those risks, but does not remove any of them. ## Sources 1. [15 U.S. Code §1125 (d)(2): in rem civil action against a domain name](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1125) — Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Operation In Our Sites protects American online shoppers, cracks down on counterfeiters](https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/operation-our-sites-protects-american-online-shoppers-cracks-down-counterfeiters) — US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (2011-11-27, checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Seizure warrant for the domain toknowall.com, addressed to Verisign](https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1066036/download) — US Department of Justice (2018, checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Root Zone Database (.com, .net, .org, .xyz, .de, .ch, .me, .co)](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015 (Código de Derecho Internacional Privado), arts. 155–157](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan) (2015-10-08, checked 2026-10-19) 6. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Procesal Penal art. 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (2025-08-05, checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties of the United States](https://www.justice.gov/criminal-oia/file/1498806/download) — US Department of Justice, Office of International Affairs (April 2022, checked 2026-10-19) 8. [UDRP Rules, paragraph 4 (lock within two business days)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-rules-2015-03-11-en) — ICANN (effective 2015-07-31, checked 2026-10-19) 9. [Uniform Rapid Suspension (URS)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/urs-2013-10-31-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Offshore domain law: what stays illegal everywhere > Offshore domain law: registering abroad is lawful, but phishing, malware and fraud stay illegal everywhere. The ICANN rules that apply, and the Trustname case. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/is-offshore-domain-registration-legal/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Registering through a service abroad is lawful. What matters is what stays illegal wherever the company sits, which ICANN rules still apply, and how a registrar lost its accreditation in 2026. **Quick answer — What stays illegal with an offshore domain?** Registering through a service abroad, such as **PanamaRegistrar** in Panama, is lawful; what stays illegal everywhere is phishing, malware, child abuse material and fraud. ICANN rules bind every accredited registrar, and through it every reseller. In 2026 ICANN terminated a registrar that promised protection from takedowns. Updated October 2026. ## The legal picture in seven lines | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Short answer | Legal, for lawful use | | What a service abroad changes | Which country's courts can compel the company you deal with | | What it does not change | The law of the place where you live, where you publish and where your audience is | | ICANN contract | The 2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement binds every accredited registrar, wherever it is incorporated | | DNS abuse duty | Mitigate on actionable evidence (RAA §3.18.2, in effect since 5 April 2024) | | Case to learn from | Trustname: termination notice dated 27 August 2026, effective 11 September 2026 | | Status of this page | General information as of October 2026; not legal advice | ## Is it lawful to register a domain through a company in another country? Yes. No rule of ICANN ties a registrant to a registrar in their own country, and accredited registrars operate from many countries. Picking one abroad is a commercial choice, like choosing a bank or a host abroad. What the choice changes is procedure. The company you deal with answers to the courts of its home country. PanamaRegistrar holds no ICANN accreditation of its own. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. A foreign judgment binds us once it has been recognised by Panama's Supreme Court through exequatur (Law 61 of 2015, Arts. 155–157). What the choice does not change is the law that applies to you and to your content. If something is illegal where you live, the registrar's address does not make it legal. ## What stays illegal whatever the registrar's country? The serious online offences are crimes almost everywhere, Panama included, and registrars act on them. - **Phishing and pharming**: fake login pages and DNS tricks to steal credentials. - **Malware and botnets**: distributing malicious code or controlling infected machines. - **Child sexual abuse material**: Panama's Penal Code punishes possession with 5 to 10 years in prison (Art. 185, as amended by Law 478 of 2025). - **Fraud that takes money from victims**: fake shops, investment and crypto scams, wallet drainers, impersonation of a bank or brand, sale of stolen data. Identity theft using computer data carries 5 to 10 years in Panama (Penal Code Art. 289-A, added by Law 478 of 2025). These are the strict exceptions in our policy: suspension on a well-documented report, without waiting for a court. Trademark, copyright and defamation disputes are civil matters decided by the law of the countries concerned; a registrar abroad does not erase them. Our full list is in the [acceptable use policy](https://panamaregistrar.com/acceptable-use-policy/). ## Which ICANN rules does every registrar follow? These obligations come from ICANN contracts and policies. They apply to every accredited registrar, in Panama as in the United States, and through it to the services that sell its registrations, such as PanamaRegistrar. | Rule | What it requires | Source | | --- | --- | --- | | Abuse reports | Take reasonable and prompt steps to investigate and respond to reports of abuse | RAA 2013 §3.18.1 | | DNS abuse mitigation | On actionable evidence of DNS abuse, promptly take mitigation action to stop or disrupt it | RAA §3.18.2, 2024 amendments, effective 5 April 2024 | | Contact verification | Verify the registrant's email or phone within 15 days, or suspend | RAA Whois Accuracy Program Specification | | Licensed (proxy) registrations | The registrant of record carries liability unless it discloses the licensee within 7 days on reasonable evidence of actionable harm | RAA §3.7.7.3 | | UDRP | Lock the domain within 2 business days of the provider's verification request | UDRP Rules, para. 4(b) | | URS (new gTLDs) | The registry locks the domain within 24 hours of the provider's notice | URS Procedure | | Disclosure requests | Acknowledge within 2 business days; answer within 30 days at most | Registration Data Policy §10.5, effective 21 August 2025 | | Data escrow | Deposit registration data with an escrow agent | RAA 2013 §3.6 | ## Why do registrars that promise protection from takedowns end badly? Because the promise collides with the ICANN contract, and ICANN enforces it. The clearest recent case is Trustname. According to Domain Name Wire (10 June 2026), Trustname marketed itself to sensitive niches and promised its customers protection from takedowns. ICANN Compliance sent breach notices. Then, in a notice dated **27 August 2026**, ICANN terminated Trustname's accreditation, **effective 11 September 2026**. The termination notice gives the reasons: - breaches of RAA §3.18.1 and §3.18.2, the abuse-handling clauses; - demanding proof that credentials had been stolen before acting on a phishing report; - acting weeks after reports were made; - 4 breach notices in 78 days; - a median rate of domains reported for phishing that rose from about 0.7 % to about 10 % between January and August 2026, measured by ICANN Domain Metrica. The lesson is simple. A registrar that sells protection from takedowns ends up without an accreditation, and then it cannot sponsor gTLD domains at all. Its customers bear that risk. ## How does PanamaRegistrar handle abuse under these rules? By writing the line down and keeping it. Reports go to abuse@panamaregistrar.com, with no account needed, and each gets an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number. - **Phishing, malware and fraud**: acted on within 24 hours of a well-documented report. - **Child sexual abuse material**: immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. - **Other abuse reports**: answered within 2 business days. - **Everything else** (copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints): no takedown without a decision from a Panamanian court. With Domain protection, every complaint is also read by a person before any action on the domain. The counts will appear in the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/), every quarter, first issue January 2027. No figure exists yet. How to report: [report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). ## Is it legal to keep my name out of WHOIS? Yes. ICANN's Registration Data Policy, in effect since 21 August 2025, governs what registration data is published, and privacy and proxy services are recognised in the RAA itself. Keeping your name out of public WHOIS/RDAP is lawful. Giving false details is another matter. In the United States, knowingly giving a registrar materially false contact information for a domain used in an infringement creates a presumption of wilful infringement (15 U.S.C. §1117(e)). We ask for one real, verified email and nothing to invent. If a registry needs a name and address, [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) supplies our company's, openly. > **This is not legal advice.** This page explains general rules as of 19 October 2026. Laws differ by country and change. For a decision about your own site, ask a lawyer qualified where you live and where your audience is. ## Legality: questions ### Can I get in trouble just for using an offshore registrar? Not for the choice itself. Registering a domain with a registrar in another country is lawful commerce, and ICANN accredits registrars in many countries. Trouble comes from what a site does: phishing, malware, fraud, child abuse material, or infringement under the law of the places you live and publish in. The registrar's address changes procedure, not liability. ### Does an offshore registrar make a site legal that is illegal at home? No. The law that applies to you follows where you live and where you target your audience, not where the registrar is incorporated. A registrar in Panama decides when the registrar itself acts; your own courts, your host and the registry of your extension can still act under their laws. See [registrar vs registry vs host](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/registrar-vs-registry-vs-host/). ### What happened to Trustname? ICANN terminated its registrar accreditation by a notice dated 27 August 2026, effective 11 September 2026. The notice cites breaches of the abuse clauses of the RAA (§3.18.1 and §3.18.2), 4 breach notices in 78 days, and slow handling of phishing reports. According to Domain Name Wire, it had promised customers protection from takedowns. ### Is registering a domain without KYC legal? Yes. ICANN rules require a contact, an email or a phone number, to be verified within 15 days; they do not require identity documents. We verify one email per domain, the only contact data we collect, and ask for no ID. See [no-KYC domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/). This is not legal advice for your country. ### Will you suspend my domain if a foreign court orders it? Not directly. A foreign judgment binds us after it is recognised in Panama by the Supreme Court through exequatur. The registry of your extension may act on a court order from its own country without us, for example Verisign in the United States for a .com. See [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/). ### Is Panama a safe place for a registrar to be, legally? Panama has written rules on the points that matter: personal data (Law 81 of 2019, in force since 29 March 2021), recognition of foreign judgments (Law 61 of 2015) and cybercrime procedure (Law 478 of 2025). It also cooperates through treaties such as the Budapest Convention. Details and texts: [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/). ### Do I need to tell anyone that my domain is registered offshore? Generally no: there is no rule we know of that requires registrants to declare their registrar's country. Some sectors, such as regulated finance, have their own disclosure duties about the business itself. Check those with a lawyer in your country. This is not legal advice. ## Sources 1. [Notice of termination of Registrar Accreditation Agreement: Trustname](https://www.icann.org/uploads/compliance_notice/attachment/1367/hedlund-to-nestsiarovich-27aug26.pdf) — ICANN Contractual Compliance (2026-08-27) 2. [ICANN sends breach notice to Trustname](https://domainnamewire.com/2026/06/10/icann-sends-breach-notice-to-trustname/) — Domain Name Wire (2026-06-10) 3. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (§3.6, §3.7.7.3, §3.18.1, Whois Accuracy Program Specification)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 4. [2024 global amendments (DNS abuse), effective 5 April 2024](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/global-amendment-2024-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Registration Data Policy](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/registration-data-policy-2024-02-21-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 6. [Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-rules-2015-03-11-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Uniform Rapid Suspension (URS)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/urs-2013-10-31-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Penal Code Arts. 185, 289-A)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial de Panamá (Gaceta Oficial 30337, 5 August 2025) 9. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional de Panamá (Legispan) (Gaceta Oficial 27885-A, 8 October 2015) 10. [15 U.S.C. §1117: recovery for violation of rights](https://law.onecle.com/uscode/15/1117.html) — US Code (Onecle) (checked 2026-10-08) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Registrar vs registry vs host: who can take a site down? > Registrar vs registry vs host: who can take a site down, who a complaint should go to, worked examples for a .com and a .de, and where a reseller service fits. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/registrar-vs-registry-vs-host/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Three kinds of company stand between a domain name and a working website, plus, often, the service you bought from. Each can act on it, each answers to its own country, and each needs a different kind of complaint. **Quick answer — What is the difference between a registrar, a registry and a host?** **PanamaRegistrar** is a domain registration service: it sells the domain and keeps your account, and our ICANN-accredited registrar partner is the registrar of record. The registry runs the extension itself, such as Verisign for .com in the United States. The host stores the website. Each answers to its own country's law, so a complaint belongs with whichever one controls the problem. ## The three roles at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Registrar | Sells and renews the domain, keeps the customer record, sets the nameservers | | Registry | Runs the database of one extension and publishes it to the DNS | | Host | Stores and serves the site's files, emails or apps | | Who we are | The service layer: DomaineGoat LLC, incorporated in Panama, without its own ICANN accreditation | | Registrar of record of our domains | Our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record | | .com registry | VeriSign Global Registry Services, Reston, Virginia, United States (IANA) | | .de registry | DENIC eG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (IANA) | | Fastest route for content | Usually the host, since it holds the content itself | ## What does a registrar do? A registrar is the company you buy the domain from. It sends your registration to the registry, renews it, holds the customer record, and lets you set the nameservers and the transfer lock. A registrar can do two things that matter in a dispute. It can suspend the domain, which stops it resolving, and it can release what it knows about the customer. It cannot remove a page from a server, because it does not hold the content. ICANN accredits registrars for generic extensions such as .com and binds them by the 2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement. Country-code extensions such as .de have their own rules, set by their registry. Some services sell domains without an accreditation of their own; ICANN calls them resellers. PanamaRegistrar is one: the registrar of record is our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record, which keeps its own legal duties and abuse contact. ICANN's RAA (§3.12) makes the registrar impose its rules on its resellers. Our Panamanian rules govern what DomaineGoat LLC does with your account, the data it holds and the complaints sent to it. ## What does a registry do? A registry runs one extension. It keeps the master database of every name under it, decides the extension's rules and publishes the zone that makes names resolve. The registry keeps its own copy of each registration and sits in one country. IANA's root zone database lists the manager of each extension: Verisign in the United States for .com and .net, DENIC in Germany for .de, SIDN in the Netherlands for .nl, SWITCH in Switzerland for .ch (checked 19 October 2026). Some registries are thin: Verisign keeps the domain, the registrar, the nameservers and the dates for .com and .net, but no registrant contact data. Others, such as .org at Public Interest Registry, hold the registrant record. A registry can put a domain on hold, change its registrar or transfer it, under its own policies or an order from a court of its own country. It can do that without the registrar's agreement. That is the limit no registrar can remove, and the reason we publish the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). ## What does a host do? A host runs the server where the website, its files or its email live. It is usually a different company from the registrar, often in a third country. The host is the only one of the three that can remove a single page while leaving the rest of the site online. It acts under its own terms of service and the law of its country, for example on a copyright notice. A DMCA notice, a US procedure, is mainly written for hosts. If you use our nameservers, DNS records are stored with us; if you use your own, the DNS provider is a fourth party, with its own rules. ## Who can take a site down, and how? | | PanamaRegistrar (our service) | Registrar of record (our partner) | Registry | Host | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Holds | Your account, verified email, nameserver settings | The registration record, escrowed under ICANN rules | Master copy of the registration (no contact data for .com and .net) | The content and its server | | Can remove one page | No | No | No | Yes | | Can stop the whole domain resolving | Yes, through the registrar of record | Yes, by a registrar hold | Yes, by a registry hold | No (only the site it hosts) | | Can transfer the domain to someone else | Only on a UDRP decision or an order that binds us | Under ICANN rules, a UDRP decision or a court order of its country | Yes, under its policy or a court order | No | | Can release the owner's details | Yes, what it holds | Yes, what it holds | Yes, what it holds | Yes, what it holds about its customer | | Law that applies | Panama | The partner's country | The registry's country | The host's country | ## Who should a complaint go to? To the party that controls the problem, which is often not the registrar. - **One page infringes copyright or is defamatory**: the host, which can remove that page. At PanamaRegistrar, such a complaint needs a Panamanian court decision before any action on the domain. - **The whole domain is used for phishing, malware, a botnet, child abuse material or fraud**: the abuse contact of the service or registrar. Ours is abuse@panamaregistrar.com, no account needed, and these cases are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report. - **A trademark is used in the domain name itself**: a UDRP provider (or the URS for new gTLDs), whose decision the registrar applies. - **A court decision exists**: the registrar or registry in the court's own country, or recognition of the judgment where the registrar is. For us, that means exequatur in Panama. How we sort complaints, step by step: [how we handle complaints](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/). ## Worked example: a .com registered with PanamaRegistrar Take *example.com*, registered with us, hosted by a company in Iceland, with Domain protection. 1. **A US company sends us a copyright complaint.** It is logged, gets an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number, and, as the domain has Domain protection, is read by a person before any action on the domain. Without a Panamanian court decision, the domain stays up. You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. 2. **The same company writes to the Icelandic host.** The host decides under its own terms and Icelandic law. That decision does not involve us. 3. **The company sues in the United States and wins an order against the domain.** The order can go to Verisign, in Reston, Virginia, which can put the .com on hold or move it, without asking us. 4. **The company files a UDRP complaint instead.** It names the registrant of record, our company; we tell you so you can answer, lock the domain within 2 business days of the provider's request and apply the panel's decision. 5. **The company sues in our registrar partner's country.** A court there can order the registrar of record directly, without a Panamanian step. Our Panamanian rules changed step 1 only. That is why the choice of extension matters as much as the choice of registrar. ## Worked example: a .de registered with PanamaRegistrar Take *example.de*. It is sold with Domain protection only, at $36.99 a year, so DENIC's record names DomaineGoat LLC, not you. 1. **A German complaint reaches us.** Same procedure as for a .com: read by a person, since a .de always has Domain protection, and no takedown without a Panamanian court decision, unless it falls in the strict exceptions. 2. **The complainant goes to DENIC.** DENIC is a German cooperative in Frankfurt and applies German law. A German court decision can reach the domain through DENIC, without us. 3. **No UDRP.** The UDRP is an ICANN policy for generic extensions; .de, a country code, follows DENIC's own rules. DENIC also asks a holder outside Germany to name an authorised recipient in Germany for legal documents when requested. 4. **What DENIC can learn from its own file** is our company's details, because the registration is in our name. For a .de, the realistic exposure is German law through DENIC. The [.de page](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/de/) gives the extension's rules and price. ## Where does PanamaRegistrar fit? We are the service layer. We control what our service does: the account, the data we hold, and what we ask our registrar partner to do, such as a suspension or the transfer lock. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. We do not control any registry, and we do not host websites. PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. Prices start at $11.99 a year for a .com, on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## Registrar, registry and host: questions ### Can a registry suspend my domain without my registrar? Yes. The registry keeps its own copy of every registration and can place a domain on hold or transfer it under its policy or an order of its own country's courts. Verisign, in the United States, runs .com and .net; its records hold no registrant contact data. This is why we list every registry's country in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). ### Is the registrar responsible for the content of my site? No. The registrar does not store or publish content; the host does, and you are responsible for what you publish. A registrar acts on the domain as a whole, and our policy is to act only on a decision that binds us, such as a Panamanian court decision, except for phishing, malware, botnets, child abuse material and fraud on a well-documented report. ### Who should I contact to remove one page of a website? The host. It is the only party that can remove a single page and leave the rest of the site online. A registrar can only suspend the whole domain. If you do not know the host, its name often appears in the IP address records of the site, which public lookup tools show. ### Do I need to keep my registrar and host in the same country? No. Most sites use different companies for the domain and the hosting, often in different countries. Choosing them separately lets you decide which law governs each layer. You can use our nameservers or your own, and point the domain at any host. ### Does ICANN control country-code domains like .de? Not in the same way. ICANN's agreements and the UDRP cover generic extensions such as .com, .net and .org. A country-code extension such as .de, .uk or .ch is run by its own registry, under its own rules and its own country's law. Each extension page lists its registry. ### What happens if my registrar shuts down? For generic extensions, ICANN requires registrars to deposit registration data with an escrow agent, so the registrations can be moved to another registrar; for our domains, our registrar partner makes that deposit. You can also leave with the free transfer code, outside the 60-day ICANN transfer lock that follows a registration or a transfer. ## Sources 1. [Root Zone Database: .com](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/com.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Root Zone Database: .de](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/de.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) 3. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-rules-2015-03-11-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Authorised recipient for the service of documents](https://www.denic.de/en/services/dispute-verfahren/authorised-recipient-for-the-service-of-documents/) — DENIC eG (checked 2026-10-08) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Domain registrar jurisdictions: Panama, Iceland, Costa Rica, US > Domain registrar jurisdictions compared in October 2026: Panama, Iceland, Costa Rica and the US on Budapest Convention, GDPR, US treaties, foreign judgments. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/jurisdictions-compared/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Four countries where privacy-minded registrars are based, compared only on facts we could trace to an official text. Where we could not confirm a point, the cell says so. **Quick answer — How do registrar jurisdictions compare?** As of October 2026, all 4 countries compared by **PanamaRegistrar** (Panama, Iceland, Costa Rica, United States) are parties to the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime. Only Iceland applies the GDPR. Of the three, only Panama has a bilateral criminal-evidence treaty with the US, in force since 1995. Panama enforces foreign judgments only after Supreme Court exequatur. ## Key dates | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Budapest Convention, in force for Iceland | 1 May 2007 | | Budapest Convention, in force for the United States | 1 January 2007 | | Budapest Convention, in force for Panama | 1 July 2014 (accession deposited 5 March 2014) | | Budapest Convention, in force for Costa Rica | 1 January 2018 (accession 22 September 2017) | | US–Panama mutual legal assistance treaty | Signed 11 April 1991, in force 6 September 1995 | | Panama's exequatur rules | Law 61 of 2015, articles 155 to 157 (in force since October 2015) | | Panama's personal data law | Law 81 of 2019, in force 29 March 2021 | ## The legal facts, country by country Only points we could trace to an official or treaty source. 'Not confirmed' means we did not find an official text for this page; it does not mean the answer is no. | | Panama | Iceland | Costa Rica | United States | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Party to the Budapest Convention (ETS 185) | Yes, in force 1 July 2014 (accession) | Yes, in force 1 May 2007 (ratified 29 January 2007) | Yes, in force 1 January 2018 (accession) | Yes, in force 1 January 2007 | | GDPR applies on its territory | No (not in the EU or EEA) | Yes (EEA member) | No (not in the EU or EEA) | No (not in the EU or EEA) | | General personal data law | Law 81 of 2019, in force 29 March 2021 | The GDPR, through the EEA Agreement | Not confirmed for this page | Not confirmed for this page | | Bilateral criminal-evidence treaty (MLAT) with the US | Yes, in force 6 September 1995 | None listed by the US Justice Department (April 2022) | None listed by the US Justice Department (April 2022) | Not applicable | | Recognition of foreign civil judgments | Exequatur by the Supreme Court's Fourth Chamber (Law 61 of 2015, arts. 155–157) | Not confirmed for this page | Not confirmed for this page | Not confirmed for this page | | Prosecutor's order to produce stored data | Yes: Code of Criminal Procedure art. 338-C (Law 478 of 2025) | Not confirmed for this page | Not confirmed for this page | Not confirmed for this page | | Intermediary liability rule | Hosts liable only after a competent authority declares content unlawful (Law 51 of 2008, arts. 87–91) | Not confirmed for this page | Not confirmed for this page | Not confirmed for this page | | Registrars and hosts based there (examples) | PanamaRegistrar | OrangeWebsite, 1984 Hosting, FlokiNET (also Romania and Finland) | Njalla (njalla.srl, since late 2024, secondary source) | Namecheap (Arizona), Porkbun (Oregon), Epik LLC, Incognet (Wyoming); Verisign, the .com registry (Virginia) | *Prices checked on October 19, 2026.* Budapest dates: UN Treaty Series (Panama), WIPO Lex (Iceland, Costa Rica), US Justice Department (United States). The Council of Europe chart blocked automated reading on 19 October 2026; check it in a browser for the latest status. ## Which treaties let foreign police reach a registrar? Two layers matter: the Budapest Convention and bilateral treaties. All four countries are parties to the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime. Police in each can therefore ask the others to preserve and produce computer data. The convention works between governments. A foreign prosecutor still needs the local authority to act. Bilateral treaties add a faster channel with the United States. The US Justice Department's April 2022 list of mutual legal assistance treaties includes Panama, in force since 6 September 1995. It lists no bilateral treaty with Iceland or Costa Rica. In Panama, the local step is now clearly written. Law 478 of 2025 added article 338-C to the Code of Criminal Procedure. It lets the Ministerio Público order a person or company to supply computer data in its possession. That is why our rule reads: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/) and [law enforcement](https://panamaregistrar.com/law-enforcement/). ## Does the GDPR apply to my registrar? It applies on the territory of Iceland, because Iceland is part of the European Economic Area. An Icelandic registrar or host processes your data under GDPR rules, enforced by Iceland's data protection authority. Panama, Costa Rica and the United States are outside the EEA. The GDPR can still reach a company there that offers services to people in the EU, under its article 3(2). That is a question about the customers a company targets, not about its home country. Panama has its own data law. Law 81 of 2019 came into force on 29 March 2021 and is supervised by ANTAI, the national transparency authority. Its article 24 requires data to be handed to competent judicial authorities on a proper request, and it excludes bulk requests. The [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/) page sets out the other articles. ## How does a foreign court judgment become binding in Panama? Through exequatur before the Fourth Chamber (General Affairs) of Panama's Supreme Court. The rules are in articles 155 to 157 of Law 61 of 2015, the Code of Private International Law. Article 156 sets four conditions: 1. The foreign court was competent and did not invade an area reserved to Panamanian courts. 2. The judgment was not given in default: the defendant was personally served and could defend. 3. It does not breach fundamental principles of Panamanian public order. 4. The copy is authentic and translated into Spanish. Without a treaty, article 155 adds reciprocity: enforcement can be refused if the other country is shown not to enforce Panamanian judgments. Until a judgment passes this filter, it does not bind PanamaRegistrar. That is the core of our [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/). We did not confirm the equivalent rules in Iceland, Costa Rica or the United States for this page. ## Which registrars are based in each country? The examples below come from our October 2026 research on registrars; each is sourced on the [best offshore domain registrars](https://panamaregistrar.com/best-offshore-domain-registrars/) page. - **Panama:** PanamaRegistrar, operated by DomaineGoat LLC. The .pa country-code registry is sponsored by the Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, per IANA. - **Iceland:** OrangeWebsite, 1984 Hosting (1984 ehf) and FlokiNET, which also operates in Romania and Finland. - **Costa Rica:** Njalla, through njalla.srl since late 2024, according to a September 2025 blog post. - **United States:** Namecheap (Phoenix, Arizona), Porkbun (Oregon), Epik LLC (owned by Registered Agents Inc.) and Incognet (Wyoming). Verisign, which runs .com and .net, is in Reston, Virginia. Comparisons with each one: [Njalla](https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/njalla/), [OrangeWebsite](https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/orangewebsite/), [Namecheap](https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/namecheap/), [Porkbun](https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/porkbun/), [Epik](https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/epik/). ## Does the registrar's country matter if the registry is elsewhere? Yes, but only for what the registrar holds. The registrar's country decides who can order it to hand over your account data, change your DNS or suspend your domain at registrar level. The registry's country decides who can lock or move the domain at its source. For a .com, the registry is Verisign in the United States, whatever registrar you use. For a .de it is DENIC in Germany; for a .ch, SWITCH in Switzerland. Pairing a Panamanian service with a registry outside a given country is a legitimate way to choose the legal systems that apply. It is not protection from your own country's courts. The [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) lists the registry country for each of our 43 extensions. Prices are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/): a .com costs $11.99. > **This is not legal advice.** This page summarises public legal texts as of 19 October 2026. Laws and treaty status change. For a specific dispute, ask a lawyer qualified in the country concerned. ## Questions about registrar jurisdictions ### Is Panama part of the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime? Yes. Panama deposited its instrument of accession on 5 March 2014. The convention took effect for Panama on 1 July 2014, according to the UN Treaty Series. Costa Rica followed on 1 January 2018. Iceland and the United States were already parties, since 2007. The convention organises cooperation between authorities, not orders from private parties. ### Does the United States have a legal assistance treaty with Panama? Yes. The US–Panama mutual legal assistance treaty was signed on 11 April 1991 and entered into force on 6 September 1995. It lets each government request evidence from the other through central authorities. The US Justice Department's April 2022 list shows no such bilateral treaty with Iceland or Costa Rica. ### Does the GDPR protect domains registered in Panama? Not as Panamanian law. Panama is outside the EU and the EEA, so its own Law 81 of 2019 governs personal data there. The GDPR can still apply to a non-EU company that offers services to people in the EU. Iceland, as an EEA member, applies the GDPR directly. ### Can a US judgment be enforced against a Panamanian registrar? Only after exequatur by the Fourth Chamber of Panama's Supreme Court, under Law 61 of 2015. The court checks jurisdiction, proper service on the defendant, Panamanian public order and an authentic Spanish translation. A US court can, however, give orders directly to Verisign, the .com registry, in Virginia. ### Which country is best for a domain registrar? None is best for every case; each choice trades one set of rules for another. Iceland adds GDPR rules. Panama adds an exequatur filter and a treaty with the US. Costa Rica has no bilateral treaty on the US Justice Department's list. PanamaRegistrar chose Panama and publishes how it applies its law. ### Why does PanamaRegistrar mention prosecutor orders? Because Panamanian law makes them binding. Article 338-C of the Code of Criminal Procedure was added by Law 478 of 2025. It lets the Ministerio Público order a company to supply data it holds. Our rule therefore reads: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. ## Sources 1. [Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 185 (Convention on Cybercrime)](https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=signatures-by-treaty&treatynum=185) — Council of Europe Treaty Office (checked 2026-10-19 (automated access blocked)) 2. [Convention on Cybercrime: Panama accession (deposit 5 March 2014, in effect 1 July 2014)](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202993/volume-2993-A-40916.pdf) — United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 2993 (registered 2014-06-24, checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Convention on Cybercrime: Iceland](https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/treaties/parties/remarks/IS/952) — WIPO Lex (checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Convention on Cybercrime: Costa Rica](https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/treaties/parties/remarks/CR/952) — WIPO Lex (checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties of the United States](https://www.justice.gov/criminal-oia/file/1498806/download) — US Department of Justice, Office of International Affairs (April 2022, checked 2026-10-19) 6. [Panama (95-906): Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty](https://2021-2025.state.gov/panama-95-906-mutual-legal-assistance-treaty) — US Department of State (checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Senate Executive Report 104-3 (US–Panama MLAT)](https://www.congress.gov/104/crpt/erpt3/CRPT-104erpt3.pdf) — US Senate (1995-05-05) 8. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015 (Código de Derecho Internacional Privado), arts. 155–157](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan) (2015-10-08, checked 2026-10-19) 9. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019 (protección de datos personales)](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 28743-A (Legispan copy) (2019-03-29, checked 2026-10-19) 10. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Procesal Penal art. 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (2025-08-05, checked 2026-10-19) 11. [Ley 51 de 22 de julio de 2008 (documentos y firmas electrónicas), arts. 87–91](https://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Ley_No_51.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 26090 (Ministerio Público copy) (2008-07-24, checked 2026-10-19) 12. [Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR), article 3](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj) — EUR-Lex (checked 2026-10-19) 13. [The EEA Agreement](https://www.efta.int/eea) — EFTA (checked 2026-10-19) 14. [Root Zone Database: .pa](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/pa.html) — IANA (updated 2026-09-29, checked 2026-10-19) 15. [Root Zone Database: .com](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/com.html) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) 16. [Njalla has silently changed: a word of caution](https://xn--gckvb8fzb.com/njalla-has-silently-changed-a-word-of-caution/) — Independent blog (2025-09-14) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Law enforcement requests: a guide for authorities > Law enforcement requests to PanamaRegistrar: where to send, what to include, Panamanian and foreign routes, 90-day preservation, emergencies. No-KYC registrar. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/law-enforcement/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) How to send a request about a domain registered with us, which legal route applies to you, and what data actually exists. Read this before drafting: it saves a round trip. **Quick answer — How do law enforcement requests to PanamaRegistrar work?** Law enforcement requests to **PanamaRegistrar** go to abuse@panamaregistrar.com, subject "Legal request", or "URGENT" for an emergency. As of October 2026, data is released only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. Foreign authorities use the MLAT, the Budapest Convention or letters rogatory. We hold 1 verified email per domain. ## For authorities, at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Address | abuse@panamaregistrar.com (or support@panamaregistrar.com) | | Subject line | "Legal request"; "URGENT" for an imminent threat to life, serious bodily injury, critical infrastructure, or child exploitation | | Panamanian route | Court order, or Ministerio Público order under CPP art. 338-A (preservation) or 338-C (production) | | Foreign route | US–Panama MLAT, Budapest Convention (24/7 contact point), letters rogatory (OAS B-36) | | Data that exists | One verified email per domain, account number, domains, balance, payment amount, coin and network | | Data that does not exist | Name, postal address, phone number, identity document: the email is the only contact data | | Registrar of record | Our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in RDAP, with its own abuse contact and legal duties | | Abuse reports | Phishing, malware, botnets, fraud: suspension within 24 hours of a well-documented report; CSAM: immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC | | Verification | Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting | ## Where should an authority send a request? To **abuse@panamaregistrar.com**, from an official address of your authority. Use one of two subject lines: - **"Legal request"** for orders, preservation requests and questions about the procedure; - **"URGENT"** only for an imminent threat to life, serious bodily injury, critical infrastructure, or child exploitation. support@panamaregistrar.com also works with the same subject lines. Write in English or Spanish. Attach the order as a PDF; the email itself can be short. The operator is DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. Requests to PanamaRegistrar are handled under Panamanian law, which is set out on the [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/) page; a request to our registrar partner follows its own law. ## What should a request include? Everything we need to check it and act on it without writing back. Include: 1. **Your authority**: name, unit, officer, official email, and a phone number we can verify from public sources. 2. **The legal basis**: the court order or Ministerio Público order, or the treaty channel used. 3. **The domain names**, exactly, one per line. A request without named domains is a bulk request. 4. **What you ask for**: suspension, preservation, or production of named data, and for which period. 5. **Your case reference** and the offence under investigation. 6. **Confidentiality**: whether the customer may be told, and until when. Our rule is that we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. The same check applies to Ministerio Público orders. Expect us to contact your office through its official channels before we act. ## Which route applies to a Panamanian authority? A Panamanian court order, or a Ministerio Público order under the Code of Criminal Procedure. Law 478 of 4 August 2025 added the tools that matter to a registrar: - **Article 338-A**: expedited preservation for up to 90 days, renewable. We keep the order confidential, as the article requires. - **Article 338-C**: production order for computer data in our possession or control, including subscriber data. - **Article 338-B**: preservation and partial disclosure of traffic data. We do not carry our customers' website or email traffic. We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case; orders under articles 338-A and 338-C are such prosecutor's orders. They are checked like court orders and counted separately in our [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). Article 24 of Law 81 of 2019 obliges us to answer duly made requests from competent judicial authorities. It also bars bulk requests in every case. ## Which route applies to a foreign authority? *Dates from the official sources listed below, checked on 19 October 2026.* | Route | Who uses it | Legal basis | Status for Panama | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | US–Panama Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty | US authorities, in criminal matters | Treaty signed 11 April 1991; Panama Law 20 of 22 July 1991 | In force since 6 September 1995 | | Budapest Convention on Cybercrime | Authorities of States parties, for cybercrime and electronic evidence | ETS 185; Law 11 of 2015 as amended by Law 478 of 2025 (24/7 contact point designated by the Procurador General) | In force for Panama since 1 July 2014 | | Letters rogatory | Courts of American States parties | Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory (OAS B-36) | Ratified by Panama 11 November 1975 | | Mutual assistance in criminal matters (OAS A-55) | Authorities of American States | Signed 23 May 1992; Panama Law 52 of 17 October 2001 | Approved; deposit date not confirmed | | Exequatur | Holders of a foreign civil judgment | Law 61 of 2015, arts. 155–157 (Sala Cuarta of the Supreme Court) | In force since October 2015 | ## How does a foreign authority use these routes? It sends its request to Panama, and a Panamanian authority then issues the order that reaches us. A request sent straight to us from abroad, without that step, gets a written reply naming the right channel. It discloses nothing. This is not a delay we choose to add. Article 29 of the Constitution of Panama reserves the examination of private documents to a competent authority. Law 81 of 2019 (art. 33, No. 8) treats transfers made in international judicial cooperation as lawful, which is the path treaty requests follow. ## How can an authority get data preserved? Through a Ministerio Público order under CPP article 338-A, or, from abroad, through Panama's 24/7 contact point. Article 338-A allows preservation for up to 90 days, renewable. Since Law 478 of 2025, Law 11 of 2015 also provides expedited preservation for foreign requests, through the 24/7 contact point designated by the Procurador General. Our own retention helps in the meantime. The email and domain records are kept while the domain is registered with us, and for the period ICANN rules require after that. Records of complaints and orders are kept as long as the decision can be challenged. The full list is on [what we hold](https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/). ## What counts as an emergency? Four cases, and only four: an imminent threat to life, serious bodily injury, critical infrastructure, or child exploitation. They are handled first, but the data we hold still leaves us only on a Panamanian order; the Ministerio Público can issue a preservation or production order directly (CPP arts. 338-A, 338-C). Send them with the subject **"URGENT"**. State the threat, why the data or action will help, the domain, and how we can verify you. For active abuse, the abuse track is often faster. Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report. Child sexual abuse material is suspended immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. ICANN's RAA §3.18.3 sets a 24-hour review for well-founded reports from law-enforcement contacts. See [report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). ## What data does PanamaRegistrar actually hold? For each domain, the full set is short: - **one verified email address** (ICANN requires registrars to verify it within 15 days); - the **account number**, a random number we generate; - the **domains** in the account and their DNS settings; - the account **balance**; - **payment records**: the amount, the coin and the network of each crypto top-up. The email is the only contact data we collect: no name, postal address, phone number or identity document. With Domain protection, the registry and WHOIS show DomaineGoat LLC; the customer behind it is known to us only by the verified email. We do not host websites or email, so content and server logs sit with the customer's providers. Our registrar partner and the registry keep their own registration records under their own law; the .com and .net registries hold no registrant contact data. ## What happens to a defective request? It is answered in writing, and nothing is released or done until it is put right. The reply lists what is missing: the order, the legal basis, the domains, or a channel through Panama. We do not complete a request ourselves or guess its scope. Three requests are always refused: a bulk request (Law 81 of 2019, art. 24), a foreign judgment without exequatur, and an order we cannot verify with its issuer. Each refusal is counted in the transparency report, published every quarter from January 2027. Prices for the domains this procedure covers are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## Questions from authorities ### Can a foreign police force send a request directly? It can write to us, and it will get a reply, but no data. Data goes out on Panamanian process: the US–Panama MLAT, the Budapest Convention's 24/7 contact point, or letters rogatory, leading to a Panamanian order. Abuse reports, by contrast, need no legal process. ### Will the customer be told about our request? Our published commitment to customers reads: "You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it." If your order forbids notice, say so in the order, with the period. A preservation order under CPP article 338-A must be kept confidential in any case. ### Can you give us the customer's IP address or identity document? We hold no identity document, name, postal address or phone number. The data that exists is one verified email per domain, the account number, the domains, the balance, and the amount, coin and network of each top-up. We do not host content, so server logs sit with the host. ### Can you suspend a domain on a police request? Yes, when it falls under a strict exception: phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report, child sexual abuse material immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. Any other suspension needs a decision that binds us, such as a Panamanian court order. Report through abuse@panamaregistrar.com; the evidence needed is on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page. ### Can you act on domains at another registrar or registry? No. We act only on domains registered through PanamaRegistrar. The registry of each extension keeps its own copy and answers to its own courts, and so does our registrar partner. Verisign, for .com and .net, is in the United States. The [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) lists each registry's country. ### How do you verify that a request is genuine? Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. For a Ministerio Público order we contact the prosecutor's office through official channels we find ourselves, never through the contact details in the message. Emergency requests are verified too, before any answer. ## Sources 1. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Procesal Penal arts. 338-A to 338-D; Ley 11 de 2015 arts. 12-A to 12-J)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (5 August 2025, checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019, protección de datos personales (arts. 24, 33)](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 28743-A (Legispan copy, Superintendencia de Bancos) (29 March 2019, checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Texto Único (art. 29)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/gacetas/25176_2004.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 25176 (November 2004, checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Panama (95-906) – Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty](https://2021-2025.state.gov/panama-95-906-mutual-legal-assistance-treaty) — US Department of State (in force 6 September 1995, checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Convention on Cybercrime, accession of Panama (UNTS vol. 2993, A-40916)](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202993/volume-2993-A-40916.pdf) — United Nations Treaty Series (effective 1 July 2014, checked 2026-10-19) 6. [Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory (B-36), status table](https://www.justice.gov/civil/common/oija/documents/service/Inter-American%20Convention%20Declarations.pdf) — US Department of Justice, Office of International Judicial Assistance (2008, checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Panama: submission on criminal accountability (Law 20 of 1991, Law 52 of 2001)](https://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/gov_comments/pdfs/criminal_accountability/2012/english/panama.pdf) — United Nations, Sixth Committee (2012, checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado (arts. 155–157)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27885-A (8 October 2015, checked 2026-10-19) 9. [ICANN adds urgent requests requirement to Registration Data Policy](https://www.icann.org/en/announcements/details/icann-adds-urgent-requests-requirement-to-registration-data-policy-12-05-2026-en) — ICANN (12 May 2026, checked 2026-10-19) 10. [Compliance Advisory: DNS abuse obligations in the RAA and RA (§3.18.2, §3.18.3)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/advisory-compliance-dns-abuse-obligations-raa-ra-2024-02-05-en) — ICANN (5 February 2024, checked 2026-10-19) > **This is not legal advice** This guide explains how PanamaRegistrar receives requests, as of 19 October 2026. It does not define the powers of any authority. Prosecutors and lawyers should check the channel that applies to their case with Panama's competent authorities. --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Privacy policy > PanamaRegistrar privacy policy: one verified email per domain, what registries receive, who can obtain data, and your rights under Panamanian law. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/legal/privacy/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) What DomaineGoat LLC holds about you, why, for how long, and who can obtain it. Version of 19 October 2026. **Quick answer — What personal data does PanamaRegistrar hold?** PanamaRegistrar holds one verified email per domain, the only contact data it collects, plus the account number we generate, your domains and your balance. No ID document. We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. Panamanian law applies; version of 19 October 2026. ## 1. Controller The controller is DomaineGoat LLC, incorporated in Panama, operator of PanamaRegistrar. Contact for any privacy question or request: support@panamaregistrar.com. ## 2. What we hold, and why - **One email address per domain**, which you confirm. It is required and it is the only contact data we collect. Purpose: ICANN rules require the registrant's contact to be verified within 15 days; we also use it for renewal notices, complaint notices and messages relayed from the public privacy contact. - **An account number** that we generate at random, to identify your account. - **Your domains, their DNS settings and your balance**, to provide the service. - **Payment records**: the amount, the coin and the network of each top-up, as needed to credit your balance and keep accounts. - **Messages** you send to support or abuse addresses, and complaints or orders received about your domains, kept as the written record of our procedure. We do not ask for your name, postal address, phone number or an identity document. Where a registry requires a name and postal address, the domain is registered with [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) and the registry receives the details of DomaineGoat LLC. ## 3. Who receives data - **Our accredited registrar partner**, shown in the RDAP record of each domain, through which domains are registered. It keeps the registration record under its own rules, its own legal duties and its own abuse contact. - **The registry** of each extension receives the registration data that its policy requires: the registrant record built from your verified email (or our privacy contact where the extension allows it), and the details of our company with Domain protection. The .com and .net registries are thin and receive no registrant contact data. Each registry keeps its own copy under the law of its own country; the countries are listed in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). - **The ICANN-approved data escrow agent** receives from our registrar partner a copy of the registration data of generic top-level domains, so that domains can be moved to another registrar if a registrar ceases to operate. ICANN can audit our registrar partner. - **A dispute provider** (UDRP or URS) receives the registrant details of the disputed domain. - **A Panamanian court or prosecutor (Ministerio Público)**, on an order. We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. Foreign courts and authorities go through Panamanian legal process first. Bulk requests are never admitted (Law 81 of 2019, art. 24). We do not sell data, rent it, or share it for advertising. The site has no advertising trackers. ## 4. How long we keep it Your email and domain records are kept while the domain is registered with us and for the period ICANN rules require after that. Records of complaints, orders and our answers are kept as long as the decision they relate to can be challenged, so that the procedure can be checked. Support messages that do not concern a complaint or an order are deleted when they are no longer needed for the service. ## 5. Your rights Article 42 of the Constitution of Panama gives everyone the right to access, correct, protect and delete their personal data, and Law 81 of 2019 on personal data protection (in force since 29 March 2021) organises these rights under the supervision of the national transparency authority, ANTAI. Article 44 adds the habeas data action before the courts. Ask at support@panamaregistrar.com from the verified email of the domain. Data that ICANN rules oblige us to keep for a set period cannot be deleted before the end of it. The [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/) page cites each text with its official source. ## 6. Security Access to customer records is limited to the staff who handle support, abuse and legal requests. Account changes, transfers and DNS changes on domains with Domain protection must be confirmed from the account. We never ask for your password, your account number or transfer codes by email or chat. ## 7. Changes A new version of this policy is published on this page with its date. A change that widens who can obtain your data is announced by email to every customer at least 30 days before it applies. > **This is not legal advice** This policy describes how we handle data. It does not replace advice from a lawyer on your own obligations. --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Terms of service > PanamaRegistrar terms of service: registration, Domain protection, crypto payment, renewals, transfers, disputes, abuse and the law of Panama that governs them. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/legal/terms/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) The contract between you and DomaineGoat LLC for every domain registered through PanamaRegistrar. Version of 19 October 2026. **Quick answer — What do the PanamaRegistrar terms say in short?** You register domains through DomaineGoat LLC (Panama), which works with an ICANN-accredited registrar partner, and pay in crypto from a prepaid balance. We act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints; the strict exceptions (phishing, malware, botnets, child abuse material, fraud) lead to suspension. ICANN and registry rules also apply. Panamanian law governs; version of 19 October 2026. ## 1. Who we are and what these terms cover PanamaRegistrar is a brand of DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama ("we"). DomaineGoat LLC holds no ICANN accreditation of its own. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. Our Panamanian rules govern what DomaineGoat LLC does with your account, the data it holds and the complaints sent to it. These terms apply to every account and every domain registered, renewed or transferred through panamaregistrar.com and its client area ("you"). They include, by reference, the [acceptable use policy](https://panamaregistrar.com/acceptable-use-policy/), the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/), the [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/) rules and the [privacy policy](https://panamaregistrar.com/legal/privacy/). ## 2. Your account and the registrant email 2.1 An account is identified by a random account number. The only contact data we collect is the email of each domain (2.2). We do not ask for your name, address, phone number or an identity document. 2.2 Each domain needs one email address that you confirm; it is required. ICANN rules require the registrant's contact to be verified within 15 days of a registration, a transfer or a change; a domain whose email is not confirmed in time can be suspended until it is. 2.3 You keep your account credentials safe. We never ask for your password, your account number or your transfer codes by email or chat. 2.4 Any detail you give us, starting with the email, must be true. A false detail given on purpose is a breach of these terms and of ICANN rules, and in several countries it weighs against you in court. ## 3. Registration, privacy and the registries 3.1 A domain is registered when the registry accepts it. Availability shown before the order is indicative; some registries confirm it only when the order is placed. 3.2 By default you are the registrant of record. Where the extension allows a privacy service, the public WHOIS/RDAP shows our privacy contact instead of your details, at no charge; what stays public depends on each registry. Messages sent to that contact are forwarded to your verified email; spam and bulk mail are not forwarded. 3.3 Each registry applies its own policies and the law of its own country. Its decisions bind every registrar, including our registrar partner, and therefore us. Our registrar partner keeps its own legal duties and abuse contact. The country of each registry is listed in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). 3.4 You accept the registrants' rights and responsibilities published by ICANN for generic top-level domains, and the registration policy of each country-code registry you choose. ## 4. Domain protection 4.1 Domain protection is an option at $29 per year and per domain, on top of the domain price. Some extensions (.de, .uk, .nl, .cc, .to, .ch, .pl, .be, .at, .cz, .nz, .fi) are sold only with it. Added to an existing domain, or on a transfer in for the time already paid elsewhere, it is first charged pro rata, as the checkout shows; nothing already paid for it is refunded. 4.2 With Domain protection: (a) DomaineGoat LLC is the registrant of record and the registry and WHOIS/RDAP show our company, not you; (b) a transfer lock is on by default and any transfer or DNS change must be confirmed from your account; (c) your data is kept to a minimum: we hold only your email, released only as set out in 6; (d) every complaint is read by a person before any action on the domain, and you are told when the law allows it. Point (d) applies only to domains with Domain protection. 4.3 You remain the beneficial owner. You control the domain (DNS, nameservers, renewal), you can obtain the transfer code free, and on request we put the domain back in your own name, free, where the registry accepts you as holder. 4.4 As registrant of record, our company is named in disputes about the domain, including UDRP and URS complaints. We tell you, and you can answer them. ICANN's Registrar Accreditation Agreement (section 3.7.7.3) makes a registrant of record that licenses a domain to another person liable for harm unless it discloses that person's contact details when presented with reasonable evidence of actionable harm; our disclosure rule remains the one set out in 6, and the only contact detail we hold is your verified email. 4.5 Domain protection does not change the acceptable use policy or the strict exceptions in 7. ## 5. Prices, payment and renewals 5.1 Prices are in US dollars per year and are listed on the [pricing page](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/) and in pricing.json. The first year, the renewal and a transfer of a given extension cost the same, unless the page says otherwise. 5.2 You pay in crypto (BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC) by topping up a prepaid balance of at least $25. A top-up is credited after the network confirmations shown on the payment page. Unused balance stays on your account and never expires, and it pays for new domains, renewals and transfers. When a purchase costs less than the minimum top-up, the part added only to reach the minimum is refundable on request to support within 30 days of the payment, in USDT or USDC, as long as it has not been spent. The rest of the balance is not paid back, except where the law requires it. 5.3 A renewal is paid from your balance at the price shown on the day it is paid. If your balance is too low on the expiry date, the domain is not renewed. Registries apply their own grace and redemption periods after expiry; a restore during redemption is charged at the registry's restore fee. 5.4 Registries can raise their prices. We publish a new price, with its date, before it applies to a renewal. ## 6. Complaints, court orders and disclosure 6.1 A complaint alone does not lead to the suspension of a domain. Complaints about copyright, defamation, political content, or from a competitor need a decision that binds us, such as a decision from a Panamanian court. Without Domain protection, complaints follow the [abuse policy](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/). A foreign judgment is applied once it has been recognised in Panama. 6.2 We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. The prosecutor's orders concerned are Ministerio Público data preservation or production orders under articles 338-A and 338-C of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Ley 478 of 4 August 2025). Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. Foreign authorities reach us through Panamanian legal process only. Bulk requests are refused. 6.3 The ICANN duties of our accredited registrar partner continue to apply: registration data escrow, compliance audits by ICANN, and the UDRP and URS for trademark disputes. 6.4 We tell you before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. The procedure, step by step, is on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page. ## 7. Abuse and suspension 7.1 You must not use a domain for phishing (including pharming), malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material, or fraud that takes money from victims (fake shops, investment and crypto scams, wallet drainers, impersonation of a bank or brand, sale of stolen data). Spam that carries these is treated the same way. 7.2 We suspend the domain within 24 hours of a well-documented report; child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. We tell you what was reported and how to answer it. 7.3 We can close an account that registers domains for these purposes. The balance of a closed account is not refunded where it was funded by fraud. ## 8. Transfers 8.1 The transfer code (auth code) is free, from your account, at any time. There is no exit fee. 8.2 ICANN rules and registry rules can block a transfer for a limited time. Under ICANN's Transfer Policy, a transfer to another registrar can be refused in the 60 days after a registration or a previous transfer, and a change of registrant can lock transfers for 60 days unless the opt-out allowed by that policy is used. A UDRP or URS proceeding, or a court order, also blocks transfers. 8.3 A transfer in costs the price shown at checkout. For a generic extension (.com, .net, .org…) it adds one year to the registration; for a country-code extension, whether a year is added depends on its registry. ## 9. Disputes about domain names Trademark disputes about generic top-level domains follow the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) and, for new generic top-level domains, the Uniform Rapid Suspension System (URS). Country-code domains follow their registry's dispute policy. We lock the domain when a dispute provider asks, within 2 business days, give the provider the registrant details it is entitled to, tell you, and apply the decision. The [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/) page has the details. ## 10. Liability 10.1 We provide the registration service with reasonable care. We are not responsible for the content of your website or email, for the decisions of a registry, a court or a dispute provider, or for the loss of a domain you did not renew. 10.2 To the extent the law allows, our total liability to you for a domain is limited to the amount you paid for that domain during the current registration period. 10.3 Nothing in these terms limits a liability that Panamanian law does not allow to be limited. ## 11. If we stop operating Our registrar partner deposits the registration data of generic top-level domains in escrow under ICANN rules, so that another accredited registrar can take over the domains if a registrar ceases to operate. We will give at least 30 days' notice by email before closing the service on our own decision, with your transfer codes available during that time. ## 12. Governing law and courts These terms are governed by the laws of the Republic of Panama. Any dispute between you and DomaineGoat LLC about them is decided by the competent courts of the city of Panama, unless a mandatory rule of law gives you another court. This does not affect the UDRP, the URS or a registry's dispute policy, which apply on their own terms. ## 13. Changes and contact We can change these terms. The new version is published on this page with its date, and it applies to renewals and orders made after that date; a change to the procedure in 6 is also announced by email to every customer at least 30 days before it applies. Questions: support@panamaregistrar.com. Legal notices: abuse@panamaregistrar.com, subject "Legal request". > **This is not legal advice** These terms describe our contract with you. They do not tell you whether a given use of a domain is lawful where you live. Ask a lawyer of your country for that. --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # PanamaRegistrar: official facts, prices and policies > Official facts on PanamaRegistrar: .com at $11.99/year, no KYC, crypto only (BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC), $25 minimum top-up. Updated 2026-10-19. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/llm-info/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. Every figure on this page comes from the live price list and company records, the same source as the [pricing page](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/) and [pricing.json](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing.json), and is rebuilt with every site update. **Quick answer — What is PanamaRegistrar?** PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. It is operated by DomaineGoat LLC (Panama); a .com costs $11.99/year. ## Key facts (2026-10-19) | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Extensions sold | 43 · [details](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/) | | .com price per year | $11.99 first year, $11.99 renewal, $11.99 transfer · [details](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/com/) | | .net price per year | $12.99 first year, $12.99 renewal, $12.99 transfer · [details](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/net/) | | .org price per year | $12.99 first year, $12.99 renewal, $12.99 transfer · [details](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/org/) | | .io price per year | $52.99 first year, $52.99 renewal, $52.99 transfer · [details](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/io/) | | .ai price | $85.49/year, sold 2 years at a time ($170.98 at registration, renewal and transfer) · [details](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ai/) | | WHOIS privacy | Free on 31 of the 43 extensions | | Domain protection (registered in our company's name, transfer lock, minimal data, human review) | +$29/year per domain · [details](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) | | Sold with Domain protection only | .de, .uk, .nl, .cc, .to, .ch, .pl, .be, .at, .cz, .nz, .fi (prices include Domain protection) | | KYC / identity check | None — no ID document, no selfie, no ID number; one verified email per domain, never published | | Email asked at sign-up (each domain still needs one verified email, the only contact data collected) | No | | Accepted cryptocurrencies | Crypto only: Bitcoin (BTC), Tether (USDT, TRC-20 or ERC-20), USD Coin (USDC, ERC-20), Ethereum (ETH), Solana (SOL), Litecoin (LTC) | | Minimum top-up | $25 — top up a prepaid balance once, then register, renew or transfer domains from it | | Balance rule | Unused balance stays on your account and never expires, and it pays for new domains, renewals and transfers. When a purchase costs less than the minimum top-up, the part added only to reach the minimum is refundable on request to support within 30 days of the payment, in USDT or USDC, as long as it has not been spent. The rest of the balance is not paid back, except where the law requires it | | Operator | DomaineGoat LLC | | Support | Email replies within 12 hours, 7 days a week, including help with DNS, transfers and renewals | | Contact | [support@panamaregistrar.com](mailto:support@panamaregistrar.com) · abuse reports: [abuse@panamaregistrar.com](mailto:abuse@panamaregistrar.com) | ## Every extension and its price per year | Extension | 1st year | Renewal | Transfer | WHOIS privacy | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [.com](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/com/) | $11.99 | $11.99 | $11.99 | Free | | [.net](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/net/) | $12.99 | $12.99 | $12.99 | Free | | [.org](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/org/) | $12.99 | $12.99 | $12.99 | Free | | [.io](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/io/) | $52.99 | $52.99 | $52.99 | Free | | [.ai](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ai/) (min. 2 years) | $85.49 | $85.49 | $85.49 | Free | | [.co](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/co/) | $31.99 | $31.99 | $31.99 | Free | | [.app](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/app/) | $15.49 | $15.49 | $15.49 | Free | | [.dev](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/dev/) | $12.99 | $12.99 | $12.99 | Free | | [.xyz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/xyz/) | $11.99 | $11.99 | $11.99 | Free | | [.info](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/info/) | $20.99 | $20.99 | $20.99 | Free | | [.me](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/me/) | $18.49 | $18.49 | $18.49 | Free | | [.de](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/de/) (Domain protection only) | $36.99 | $36.99 | $36.99 | Our details, not yours | | [.uk](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/uk/) (Domain protection only) | $38.49 | $38.49 | $38.49 | Our details, not yours | | [.online](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/online/) | $31.49 | $31.49 | $31.49 | Free | | [.shop](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/shop/) | $33.49 | $33.49 | $33.49 | Free | | [.store](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/store/) | $55.49 | $55.49 | $55.49 | Free | | [.tech](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/tech/) | $51.99 | $51.99 | $51.99 | Free | | [.nl](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/nl/) (Domain protection only) | $37.99 | $37.99 | $37.99 | Our details, not yours | | [.biz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/biz/) | $20.99 | $20.99 | $20.99 | Free | | [.tv](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/tv/) | $40.99 | $40.99 | $40.99 | Free | | [.cc](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cc/) (Domain protection only) | $43.99 | $43.99 | $43.99 | Our details, not yours | | [.gg](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/gg/) | $83.49 | $83.49 | $83.49 | Free | | [.to](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/to/) (Domain protection only) | $86.49 | $86.49 | $86.49 | Our details, not yours | | [.ch](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ch/) (Domain protection only) | $41.49 | $41.49 | $41.49 | Our details, not yours | | [.pl](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pl/) (Domain protection only) | $43.49 | $43.49 | $43.49 | Our details, not yours | | [.be](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/be/) (Domain protection only) | $38.99 | $38.99 | $38.99 | Our details, not yours | | [.at](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/at/) (Domain protection only) | $44.99 | $44.99 | $44.99 | Our details, not yours | | [.cloud](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cloud/) | $22.99 | $22.99 | $22.99 | Free | | [.club](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/club/) | $18.99 | $18.99 | $18.99 | Free | | [.live](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/live/) | $29.99 | $29.99 | $29.99 | Free | | [.pro](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pro/) | $20.99 | $20.99 | $20.99 | Free | | [.blog](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/blog/) | $28.49 | $28.49 | $28.49 | Free | | [.art](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/art/) | $18.49 | $18.49 | $18.49 | Free | | [.digital](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/digital/) | $34.99 | $34.99 | $34.99 | Free | | [.link](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/link/) | $11.99 | $11.99 | $11.99 | Free | | [.email](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/email/) | $27.99 | $27.99 | $27.99 | Free | | [.media](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/media/) | $35.99 | $35.99 | $35.99 | Free | | [.news](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/news/) | $30.99 | $30.99 | $30.99 | Free | | [.cz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cz/) (Domain protection only) | $43.99 | $43.99 | $43.99 | Our details, not yours | | [.nz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/nz/) (Domain protection only) | $49.99 | $49.99 | $49.99 | Our details, not yours | | [.fi](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/fi/) (Domain protection only) | $46.99 | $46.99 | $46.99 | Our details, not yours | | [.pw](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pw/) | $22.49 | $22.49 | $22.49 | Free | | [.vc](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/vc/) | $43.49 | $43.49 | $43.49 | Free | Prices in USD, paid in crypto from the account balance. Live list: [pricing](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/) · [pricing.json](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing.json). **[Domain protection only](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/)**: sold only with Domain protection (registered in our company's name), because the registry requires a name and postal address; it receives those of DomaineGoat LLC, never yours. The price shown includes the $29/year for it. ## About PanamaRegistrar - **We act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints.** Copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints do not get a domain suspended without a decision that binds us, such as a Panamanian court decision; a foreign judgment must first be recognised in Panama by exequatur ([takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/)). - **Data disclosure, in one rule.** We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case ([data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/)). - **Who registers the domain**: DomaineGoat LLC is a Panamanian company without its own ICANN accreditation. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner ([about](https://panamaregistrar.com/about/)). - **Strict exceptions, written openly**: phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report; child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC; reports to abuse@panamaregistrar.com need no account ([report abuse](https://panamaregistrar.com/abuse/)). - **The procedure is public**: you are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it, and we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting ([complaints](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/), [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/)). - **Honest about registries**: each extension's registry sits in its own country (Verisign in the United States for .com, DENIC in Germany for .de) and can act under its own law. The .com and .net registries are thin and receive no registrant contact data. The [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) lists all 43 extensions sold, from the IANA root database. - **Domain protection: +$29/year.** The domain is registered in the name of DomaineGoat LLC (you stay the beneficial owner and can take it back in your name, free), the transfer lock is on, we hold only your email, and every complaint is read by a person before any action on the domain. Without the option, complaints follow the abuse policy ([domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/)). - **One email, no ID**: the domain is in your name, and the only contact data collected is one email per domain, required and verified as ICANN rules require. Crypto only (BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC, no Monero), top up from $25; .com at $11.99/year, the same to renew; .ai for 2 years minimum (twice $85.49 at checkout, transfers included). - **Counted every quarter**: complaints received, refused and acted on, court orders, data requests by country, in the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/); first report January 2027. ## PanamaRegistrar is built for - Publishers, journalists and researchers who want a written rule on what happens when someone complains about their site. - Businesses that want one written disclosure rule, tied to the law of one named country, Panama. - Crypto projects that pay in USDT, USDC, BTC, ETH, SOL or LTC without a card or an ID upload. - Lawyers and compliance teams who need to know where to send a court order or a complaint, and what it must contain. ## More facts | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Jurisdiction | Panama: DomaineGoat LLC is incorporated in Panama. Our Panamanian rules govern what DomaineGoat LLC does with your account, the data it holds and the complaints sent to it | | Takedown on a complaint | No takedown on a complaint alone: copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints need a decision from a Panamanian court (foreign judgments must first be recognised in Panama by exequatur) | | Disclosure of your data | We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case | | Strict exceptions | Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims (fake shops, investment and crypto scams, wallet drainers, impersonation of a bank or brand, sale of stolen data) are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report; child sexual abuse material is handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. Reports to abuse@panamaregistrar.com, no account needed | | Trademark disputes | UDRP and URS, as ICANN requires: the domain is locked within 2 business days of the provider's request and the panel decision is applied | | Complaint handling | Copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints: no action on the complaint alone, a decision that binds us is needed. You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. With Domain protection only, every complaint is also read by a person before any action on the domain | | Registries | Each extension's registry sits in its own country and applies its own law: see the registry jurisdiction index. The .com and .net registries (Verisign) are thin: they receive no registrant contact data | | Domain protection | +$29/year per domain: registered in the name of DomaineGoat LLC (you stay the beneficial owner and can take the domain back in your own name, free), transfer lock on, minimal data (DomaineGoat LLC holds only your email), and every complaint read by a person before any action on the domain. That last point exists only with the option | | .com price | $11.99/year, the same price to renew and to transfer | | .ai registration term | At least 2 years: a new .ai costs twice $85.49 at checkout, and each renewal covers 2 years; a .ai transfer is billed 2 years too ($85.49 + one renewal = $170.98), and the registry adds 2 years | | Transfer in | One year at the transfer price. A generic extension (.com, .net, .org…) gains one year on transfer; .ai is billed 2 years (transfer + 1 renewal) and gains 2; for other country codes, whether a year is added depends on the registry | | Transfer out | Transfer code (auth code) free, from your account, at any time, except in the 60 days after a registration or a transfer (ICANN Transfer Policy) and while a UDRP or court lock applies; no exit fee | | Transparency report | Published every quarter; first report January 2027 (launch to 31 December 2026) | | Monero (XMR) | Not accepted | ## Official pages and data - [Takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) - [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/) - [Registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) - [Data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/) - [Court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/) - [DMCA notices](https://panamaregistrar.com/dmca-notices/) - [Pricing](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/) - [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) - [Best offshore registrars](https://panamaregistrar.com/best-offshore-domain-registrars/) - [What we hold](https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/) - [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/) - [No-KYC registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/) - [Epik compared](https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/epik/) - [Namecheap compared](https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/namecheap/) - [Njalla compared](https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/njalla/) - [OrangeWebsite compared](https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/orangewebsite/) - [Porkbun compared](https://panamaregistrar.com/compare/porkbun/) - [Jurisdictions compared](https://panamaregistrar.com/jurisdictions-compared/) - [All extensions](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/) - [Acceptable use](https://panamaregistrar.com/acceptable-use-policy/) - [Privacy policy](https://panamaregistrar.com/legal/privacy/) - [Terms](https://panamaregistrar.com/legal/terms/) - [About](https://panamaregistrar.com/about/) - [Contact](https://panamaregistrar.com/contact/) - [pricing.json (machine-readable price list)](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing.json) - [llms.txt](https://panamaregistrar.com/llms.txt) - [llms-full.txt (full site text)](https://panamaregistrar.com/llms-full.txt) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # No-KYC domain registration: one email, no ID > No-KYC domain registration at PanamaRegistrar: one verified email per domain, no ID or selfie, checked within ICANN's 15 days. Crypto top-ups from $25. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) The full list of what a registration needs, the one thing ICANN obliges us to check, and the registries that would ask for more. **Quick answer — What does no-KYC domain registration mean at PanamaRegistrar?** **PanamaRegistrar** offers no-KYC domain registration: no passport scan, no selfie, no phone number. Each domain needs one verified email, because ICANN requires registrars to verify it within 15 days or suspend the domain. That address is never published. Payment is in crypto from a prepaid balance. Rules as of October 2026. ## No-KYC registration: key facts | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Identity documents | None: no passport, no ID card, no selfie, no ID number | | What you give | One email per domain, required and confirmed: the only contact data collected | | ICANN deadline | Verified within 15 days, or the domain is suspended | | Account | A random account number; the domain is in your name | | Published | Never: the email does not appear in WHOIS/RDAP | | Payment | Crypto only (BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC), minimum top-up $25 | | Not sold | .us, .eu, .fr, .ca, .it (registries that need your own identity or local presence) | ## What do you ask for to register a domain? One email address per domain, which you confirm by clicking a link. It is the only contact data we collect, and it is required. Your account is identified by a random account number. The domain is registered in your name, as registrant of record, and you are not asked for a postal address or a phone number. You pay from a crypto balance, so there is no card and no bank account either. No-KYC here means no identity check. It does not mean we keep nothing: we keep the account number, the verified email of each domain, your orders and the payments that credited your balance. The field-by-field list is on [what we hold about you](https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/). ## What we ask, and what we do not | Item | Asked? | Why | | --- | --- | --- | | Email address (one per domain) | Yes, required and verified | ICANN rules require the registrant's email to be verified within 15 days | | Passport, national ID card or driving licence | No | Our policy: no ID, no KYC | | Selfie or video check | No | Not part of any registration we sell | | National ID or tax number | No | Registries that need one are not sold | | Phone number | No | ICANN accepts a verified email instead | | Name and postal address | No | Not collected; where a registry needs them, our company's details are used, with Domain protection | | Card or bank details | No | Payment is in crypto only | ## Why do you need an email at all? Because ICANN's contract with every accredited registrar, our registrar partner included, makes it a condition of the registration. The Whois Accuracy Program Specification of the 2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement says: - within **15 days** of a registration, a transfer or a change of contact data, the registrar verifies the registrant's email address or phone number; - if the registrant does not respond, the registrar must verify by hand or **suspend the domain**; - if the data is knowingly false, the registrar suspends or deletes the domain. So a registration with no working contact is not possible on a gTLD such as .com. The email route is the one we use, because it needs nothing but an address you control. The email also lets us reach you before any action on your domain, as our policy promises: you are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. ## What happens to the email you verify? It stays with us and is never published. Public WHOIS/RDAP shows no email of yours. - **Messages to the domain contact** are forwarded to your verified email; spam and bulk mail are not forwarded. - **Disclosure** follows one rule: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. See [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). You can use an address created only for that domain. It must keep working: a bounce during the 15-day check leads to a suspension under ICANN's rule. ## Why do fake contact details backfire? Because false details turn a dispute you could win into one you are presumed to have lost on intent. A pseudonymous email address is lawful. A false name, a false address or a dead email is a different matter. - **United States, trademarks.** Under 15 U.S.C. §1117(e), knowingly giving materially false contact information to a registrar for a domain used in an infringement creates a rebuttable presumption that the infringement was wilful. Wilful infringement raises the damages. - **United States, copyright.** 17 U.S.C. §504(c)(3)(A) sets the same presumption for copyright infringement online. - **ICANN.** Knowingly false data obliges the registrar to suspend or delete the domain. Our set-up avoids the problem: we ask for nothing you would need to invent. Where a registry demands a name and postal address, we supply our own company's, openly, through [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). ## Which registries need more than an email? Some registries require a registrant name and postal address, and some require your own identity, citizenship or local presence. We treat the two groups differently. **Sold with Domain protection only (12):** .de, .uk, .nl, .cc, .to, .ch, .pl, .be, .at, .cz, .nz, .fi. These registries need a name and a postal address. With Domain protection the registry receives those of DomaineGoat LLC, so you still give only an email. The listed price includes the option. **Not sold at all:** .us, .eu, .fr, .ca and .it. Their rules require the registrant itself to qualify, or forbid a proxy, so our company's details cannot stand in for yours. Selling them would mean asking for your identity, which we do not do. ## Extensions left out of our catalogue, with the reason | Extension | Registry rule | Why we do not sell it | | --- | --- | --- | | .us | US nexus required; privacy and proxy registrations are not allowed | Your own details would be public | | .eu | EU citizen, EU resident or organisation established in the EU | A proxy registrant is not eligible | | .fr | Person or organisation located in the EU or EEA | Eligibility is checked on the registrant | | .ca | Canadian Presence Requirements (citizens, permanent residents, Canadian entities…) | Our company does not qualify | | .it | Residence or establishment in the EU or EEA | Eligibility is checked on the registrant | Every extension we do sell, with its registry and rules, is on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/) and in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). ## No-KYC registration: questions ### Do I need a phone number to register a domain? No. ICANN lets a registrar verify either the email address or the phone number of the registrant, and we use the email. You never give a phone number, at sign-up or later. Support works by email: Email replies within 12 hours, 7 days a week, including help with DNS, transfers and renewals. ### What if I do not confirm the email within 15 days? The domain is suspended, as ICANN's Whois Accuracy Program requires. It stops resolving until the address is confirmed. The domain stays in your account, so confirming the email afterwards lets it work again. Check the inbox, including spam, as soon as you place the order. ### Can I use the same email for several domains? Each domain carries one verified email. You choose the address, so it can be a separate address for each project or one you already use. Keep in mind that the address is the contact we would write to before any action on that domain, so it must stay readable. ### Will you ask for my ID later, after a complaint? No. A complaint is handled under our published procedure; it does not trigger an identity check. Copyright, defamation, political and competitor complaints need a decision that binds us, such as a Panamanian court decision, before any action. Strict exceptions such as phishing are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report. See the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/). ### Does no-KYC mean nobody can ever learn who I am? No, and we do not claim it. A Panamanian court or prosecutor's order can make us release what we hold: your account number, verified email, orders and payments. Our registrar partner and the registry keep their own records under their own law. Your hosting provider, your payments on a public blockchain and your site's content may also identify you. No-KYC removes the identity check, not the law. ### Is registering a domain without KYC legal? Yes. ICANN's contract asks registrars to verify a contact, not identity documents, and choosing a service that asks for less is lawful. What you do with the domain is a separate question. Background: [offshore domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/is-offshore-domain-registration-legal/). This is not legal advice. ### Can I pay without KYC? Yes: payment is in crypto only, BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC, from a prepaid balance with a minimum top-up of $25. There is no card form and no bank transfer. Monero is not accepted. Step by step: [buy a domain with crypto](https://panamaregistrar.com/buy-domain-with-crypto/). ## Sources 1. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement, Whois Accuracy Program Specification](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Review of the 2013 RAA Whois Accuracy Program Specification (public comment summary)](https://icann.org/public-comments/2013-whois-accuracy-spec-review-2015-05-14-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-08) 3. [15 U.S.C. §1117: recovery for violation of rights](https://law.onecle.com/uscode/15/1117.html) — US Code (Onecle) (checked 2026-10-08) 4. [The consequences of false contact info for infringing websites (17 U.S.C. §504(c)(3)(A))](https://www.wnj.com/updates/the-consequences-of-false-contact-info-for-infringing-websites/) — Warner Norcross + Judd (checked 2026-10-08) 5. [usTLD Privacy Services Policy](https://about.us/policies/us-privacy-services-policy) — about.us (usTLD registry) (checked 2026-10-08) 6. [EURid introduces new policies (eligibility and verification)](https://eurid.eu/fr/news/eurid-introduces-new-policies-to-comply-with-belgi/) — EURid (checked 2026-10-08) 7. [Domain registration tips: CIRA WHOIS privacy](https://www.cira.ca/blog/ca-domains/domain-registration-tips-cira-whois-privacy) — CIRA (checked 2026-10-08) 8. [EU ccTLD registration requirements, 2025](https://www.cybercrimeinfocenter.org/pl2025-eucctld-registration-requirements) — Interisle / Cybercrime Information Center (checked 2026-10-08) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Offshore domains under Panama law: who decides a takedown > Offshore domains under Panama law: who decides takedowns and data release, what our registrar partner and the registry still control, from $11.99. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/offshore-domain-registration/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) A service in Panama changes who can make *us* act. It does not change the registrar of record, the registry, your host, or ICANN's rules. This page separates the four layers. **Quick answer — Who decides a takedown for an offshore domain under Panama law?** For a domain registered through **PanamaRegistrar**, our own takedown and disclosure decisions follow Panamanian court orders, not foreign complaints. Our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, the registry of each extension and your host still apply their own countries' law, and ICANN rules and the UDRP still apply. A .com costs $11.99 a year, as of October 2026. ## Offshore under Panama law: key facts | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Operator | DomaineGoat LLC, incorporated in Panama | | Registrar of record | Our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record, with its own legal duties and abuse contact | | Who can make us suspend a domain | A Panamanian court, except phishing, malware, botnets, CSAM and fraud on a documented report | | Who can make us release your data | Only a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order, or a UDRP case | | Foreign judgments | Bind us only once recognised in Panama (exequatur) | | Foreign authorities | Through Panamanian legal process: treaties, prosecutors, exequatur | | What stays in its own country | Our registrar partner, the registry of each extension, and your hosting provider | | ICANN duties that still apply | Email verification, abuse handling, data escrow, UDRP and URS | | Price | .com $11.99/year; Domain protection +$29/year | ## What is offshore domain registration? Offshore domain registration means the company you register through is based outside your own country and outside the countries where most complaints come from. Its home country decides which courts and authorities can compel it. PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. The operator, DomaineGoat LLC, is a company incorporated in Panama. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. Offshore registration is about procedure: who must be convinced, and through which court, before we act. It is not a way to place a site outside the law. ## What changes when the registrar is in Panama? Two decisions move to Panama: whether we suspend a domain after a complaint, and whether we release what we know about you. - **Takedowns.** Copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaints need a decision from a Panamanian court. A complaint alone does not suspend a domain. - **Foreign judgments.** A judgment from another country must first be recognised in Panama, through exequatur, before it binds us. - **Disclosure.** We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. The prosecutor's orders concerned are Ministerio Público preservation or production orders (Code of Criminal Procedure Arts. 338-A and 338-C). A foreign lawyer, a private company or a foreign government needs Panamanian legal process. - **Checks.** Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. With Domain protection, every complaint is also read by a person before any action on the domain. Two Panamanian texts frame this. Under Arts. 155–157 of Law 61 of 2015 (the Private International Law Code), a foreign judgment is filed with the Fourth Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice. The court checks that the foreign court was competent, that the defendant was served and could defend, that public order is respected, and that the copy is authentic and translated into Spanish. Law 81 of 2019 on personal data, in force since 29 March 2021, requires data holders to answer competent judicial authorities and rules out bulk requests (Art. 24). The full legal basis is on [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/). The step-by-step handling is on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page. ## What does Panama law not change for your domain? Five things stay exactly as they are, wherever we are incorporated. 1. **Registry law.** Each extension has one registry, in one country, which keeps its own copy of every registration. Verisign, the .com and .net registry, is in Reston, Virginia; a US court can order it to act on a .com directly. Its .com and .net records are thin and hold no registrant contact data. 2. **Our registrar partner's law.** The registrar of record, shown in RDAP, keeps its own legal duties and abuse contact, and a court of its own country can order it. 3. **Hosting law.** Your content sits on a server run by a hosting company. That company answers to the law of its own country and can remove content or close an account without the registrar. 4. **ICANN duties.** Every accredited registrar, our partner included, verifies the registrant's email within 15 days, acts on well-documented DNS abuse, and deposits registration data in escrow. 5. **UDRP and URS.** Trademark disputes follow ICANN's policies: the domain is locked within 2 business days of the provider's request, and the panel decision is applied. None of these five depends on Panamanian law, and no registrar can switch them off. ## Service, registrar, registry, host: four layers, four jurisdictions A website depends on four companies. Choosing PanamaRegistrar moves only the first one. | | PanamaRegistrar (DomaineGoat LLC) | Our registrar partner | Registry (e.g. Verisign for .com) | Host (your server provider) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | What it does | Sells the domain, keeps your account, manages DNS settings | Registers the domain with the registry as registrar of record (shown in RDAP) | Runs the extension's database and its name servers | Stores and serves your site's files | | Law that applies | Panama | Its own country's law and its ICANN contract | The registry's country (US for .com, Germany for .de) | The host's country | | What it can do to your site | Have the domain suspended; release the data it holds | Suspend, lock or transfer the domain at its level | Put the domain on hold, change or transfer it | Remove content or close the account | | What makes it act | A Panamanian court order, or a documented report in the strict exceptions | ICANN rules, its own abuse policy, or a court of its own country | Its own policy, or a court in its own country | Its own terms, or local law and notices | | Who controls it | DomaineGoat LLC | Not us: an ICANN-accredited registrar we work with | Not us | Not us | ## Can a foreign court still take my domain? Yes, through the registry, when the registry sits in that court's country. A .com is the clearest case: Verisign is a US company, so a US court can order a .com placed on hold or transferred without asking us. A court in our registrar partner's country can also order it directly. The choice of extension therefore matters as much as the choice of registrar. IANA, which keeps the root zone database, lists the manager of each extension. Some examples, checked 19 October 2026: - **.com, .net, .org, .app, .dev, .xyz**: managers in the United States. - **.de**: DENIC eG, Germany. **.nl**: SIDN, Netherlands. **.ch**: SWITCH, Switzerland. - **.online, .store, .tech**: Radix, Cayman Islands. **.link**: Nova Registry, Malta. - **.co**: the ICT ministry of Colombia. **.me**: the Government of Montenegro. **.ai**: the Government of Anguilla. The [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) covers all 43 extensions we sell. The long answer, case by case, is in [can a foreign court seize my domain?](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/can-a-foreign-court-seize-my-domain/). ## How do foreign authorities reach a service in Panama? Through Panamanian legal process, which exists and works. Offshore does not mean out of reach. - **Treaties.** The US–Panama Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty has been in force since 6 September 1995. The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime has applied to Panama since 1 July 2014. Both let a foreign authority ask Panama for evidence. - **Panamanian prosecutors.** Since Law 478 of 2025, the Criminal Procedure Code lets the Public Prosecutor's Office order data to be preserved and order a provider to produce data it holds (Arts. 338-A to 338-C). - **Courts.** A civil judgment from abroad goes through exequatur before the Supreme Court, as described above. What a foreign lawyer's letter or a private notice cannot do is skip these steps. How we answer authorities is set out on [law enforcement](https://panamaregistrar.com/law-enforcement/), and every request will be counted in the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). ## Who is offshore domain registration for? It suits people whose risk is a complaint, not a crime. - **Publishers, journalists and researchers** who expect takedown demands and want a written rule on what happens next. - **Businesses** that want one named country, Panama, to decide on disclosure. - **Crypto projects** that pay in stablecoins or BTC and do not want a card or an ID upload. - **Lawyers and compliance teams** who need to know where a court order must come from. It does not suit anyone planning phishing, malware or fraud. Those cases are suspended on a well-documented report, without a court, and reports are counted in our [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/), published every quarter from January 2027. ## How much does offshore domain registration cost? One yearly price per extension, the same to register, renew and transfer. Every price is on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). | Extension | Per year | Registry country (IANA) | | --- | --- | --- | | .com | $11.99 | United States | | .net | $12.99 | United States | | .de (Domain protection included) | $36.99 | Germany | | .co | $31.99 | Colombia | | .me | $18.49 | Montenegro | | .online | $31.49 | Cayman Islands | | .ch (Domain protection included) | $41.49 | Switzerland | Domain protection, which registers the domain in our company's name, costs +$29 per year and per domain on top of these prices. Payment in crypto only: BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC, minimum top-up $25. > **What offshore registration does not promise** It does not make content lawful, it does not stop a registry, our registrar partner or a host, and it does not stop a UDRP decision. It means that PanamaRegistrar itself acts on Panamanian court orders, on its published exceptions, and on ICANN duties, and on nothing else. ## Offshore domains under Panama law: questions ### Is PanamaRegistrar an offshore service? Yes, in the plain sense: the operator, DomaineGoat LLC, is incorporated in Panama, so Panamanian courts decide when we suspend a domain or release the data we hold. It holds no ICANN accreditation of its own: domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record. The registry of each extension stays in its own country. See the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). ### Does an offshore registrar protect me from a DMCA notice? It changes who receives it and what follows. A DMCA notice is a US procedure aimed mainly at hosts; for us it is a complaint like any other, logged and forwarded to the holder, with no takedown without a Panamanian court decision. Your host and the registry may still act under their own law. Details: [DMCA notices](https://panamaregistrar.com/dmca-notices/). ### Is offshore domain registration legal? Yes, for lawful use. Choosing a registration service in another country is ordinary commerce, and the same ICANN rules apply. What you publish stays subject to the law of the places where you live and where your audience is. Read [offshore domain law: what stays illegal](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/is-offshore-domain-registration-legal/). This is not legal advice. ### Which extension is best for an offshore registration? One whose registry sits outside the country you expect complaints from. A .com is reachable through Verisign by US courts; a .ch is run from Switzerland; .online is managed from the Cayman Islands. Check each one in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) before you buy, because the registrar cannot override the registry. ### Does offshore registration hide my identity? Not by itself. The only contact data we collect is one verified email per domain, and public WHOIS/RDAP privacy is free where the extension allows it. To take yourself out of the registration entirely, add Domain protection (+$29/year), which registers the domain in our company's name, so your email is not sent to the registry. See [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/). ### What happens if a Panamanian court orders a suspension? We apply it. Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. We then act on the domain named in the order and tell you before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. Court orders are counted in the transparency report, split between Panamanian orders, foreign orders recognised by exequatur, and foreign orders without it, which we refuse. See [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/). ### Can I move an existing domain to an offshore registrar? Yes, by transfer. Unlock the domain at your current registrar, get its EPP code, and start the transfer from our client area. A transfer costs one year at the transfer price, which equals the registration price; a generic extension gains one year, a .ai is billed 2 years (transfer + 1 renewal), another country code depends on its registry. Leaving us later is free: the code is free, from your account, at any time, except in the 60 days after a registration or a transfer (ICANN Transfer Policy) and while a UDRP or court lock applies. ## Sources 1. [Root Zone Database (managers of .com, .de, .ch, .co, .me, .ai, .online, .link and others)](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (Whois Accuracy Program Specification, data escrow)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 3. [2024 global amendments to the RAA and RA (DNS abuse obligations)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/global-amendment-2024-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-08) 4. [Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy](https://www.wipo.int/en/web/amc/domain-name-disputes/resources/updated_udrp_rules) — WIPO (checked 2026-10-08) 5. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado (Arts. 155–157)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional de Panamá (Legispan) (Gaceta Oficial 27885-A, 8 October 2015) 6. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019, protección de datos personales](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial 28743-A (copy hosted by the Superintendencia de Bancos) (checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (cybercrime measures)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial de Panamá (Gaceta Oficial 30337, 5 August 2025) 8. [Panama: Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (95-906)](https://2021-2025.state.gov/panama-95-906-mutual-legal-assistance-treaty) — US Department of State (checked 2026-10-19) 9. [Convention on Cybercrime, UNTS vol. 2993, A-40916 (Panama: effective 1 July 2014)](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202993/volume-2993-A-40916.pdf) — United Nations Treaty Series (checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Panama domain law: what applies to your domain > Panama domain law in one page: Constitution arts. 29, 42, 44, Law 81 of 2019, exequatur, Law 478 of 2025, treaties. What it means for a crypto, no-KYC domain. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Every Panamanian text that bears on a domain registered with us, article by article, with its official source and date. Then what it means for you, and where it stops. **Quick answer — What is Panama domain law, for a PanamaRegistrar domain?** Panama domain law, for a **PanamaRegistrar** domain, has four layers: the Constitution (articles 29, 42 and 44), personal data Law 81 of 2019, exequatur of foreign judgments under Law 61 of 2015, and cybercrime Law 478 of 2025. As of October 2026, no Panamanian statute sets a private notice-and-takedown procedure for domains or websites. ## Panama domain law at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Operator | DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama; domains registered through an ICANN-accredited registrar partner | | Privacy of communications | Constitution art. 29: interception only by order of a judicial authority | | Personal data | Law 81 of 2019, in force since 29 March 2021, supervised by ANTAI; bulk requests never admitted (art. 24) | | Foreign judgments | Bind only after exequatur by the Sala Cuarta of the Supreme Court (Law 61 of 2015, arts. 155–157) | | Notice-and-takedown | None found in copyright Law 64 of 2012; intermediaries are liable only after actual knowledge (Law 51 of 2008, arts. 87–91) | | Cybercrime | Law 478 of 4 August 2025: Penal Code arts. 184–185 and 289-A to 292-A; procedure arts. 338-A to 338-D | | Telecom data retention | Law 51 of 2009: six months, for telecom operators; registrars are not named | | Treaties | Budapest Convention (Panama: 1 July 2014), US–Panama MLAT (6 September 1995), OAS letters rogatory (B-36) | ## Which law applies to a domain registered with PanamaRegistrar? Several sets of rules apply at once, and each one covers a different copy of the registration. - **Panamanian law governs us.** DomaineGoat LLC is a company incorporated in Panama. Our Panamanian rules govern what DomaineGoat LLC does with your account, the data it holds and the complaints sent to it, and Panamanian courts decide what we must do. - **The registry's law governs the registry's copy.** Verisign, which runs .com and .net, is in the United States. DENIC, which runs .de, is in Germany. - **ICANN's contracts bind every accredited registrar** for generic domains, wherever it is based. Our domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record, which keeps its own legal duties and answers to the courts of its own country. This page covers the first layer. Each text is cited from its official source, with article numbers, so that you can check it yourself. The policy that follows from it fits in one line: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. ## What does the Constitution of Panama say about private data? It protects private papers and communications, and only an authority can lift that protection. Three articles matter to a domain holder. The text used is the consolidated Constitution in Gaceta Oficial No. 25176 (November 2004). - **Article 29.** Private correspondence and documents may be examined or retained only by order of a competent authority, for specific purposes. Private communications may be intercepted or recorded only by order of a judicial authority. Evidence obtained in breach of the article cannot be used. - **Article 42.** Everyone may access, correct, protect and delete their personal data. Such data may be collected only for specific purposes, with the holder's consent or by order of a competent authority. - **Article 44.** The habeas data action lets a person ask a court to have data corrected, updated, deleted or kept confidential. It reaches private registers held by businesses that serve the public. Article 43 is sometimes quoted on this subject. It concerns access to public information, not personal data. The National Assembly has warned that the 2004 consolidated text may differ in places from the adopted text. A lawyer checks the reform acts before quoting it in court. ## How does Law 81 of 2019 protect a domain holder's data? Law 81 of 26 March 2019 is Panama's personal data protection law, and it governs the records a registrar keeps. It was published in Gaceta Oficial No. 28743-A on 29 March 2019. Article 47 set its entry into force two years after promulgation: **29 March 2021**. Executive Decree 285 of 28 May 2021 regulates it. The regulator is the **Autoridad Nacional de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información (ANTAI)**. It hears complaints (art. 18), rules on inaccurate data (art. 17), keeps the register of transfers (art. 31) and imposes sanctions (art. 36). Four articles decide when data may leave a controller such as us: 1. **Article 11** allows data to be used for a new purpose without consent when a public entity requires it for its legal functions, or by judicial order. 2. **Article 24** obliges controllers to hand to the competent judicial authorities the information duly requested. It adds that bulk requests are never admitted: "no admitiéndose en ningún caso solicitudes masivas". 3. **Article 33** lists lawful transfers: those provided for by a law or treaty (No. 3), those needed for the administration of justice (No. 7), and those made in international judicial cooperation (No. 8). 4. **Article 3(2)** puts processing by authorities for the investigation and prosecution of crimes outside the Law. Our reading: article 11 permits a disclosure; it does not by itself compel one. Our policy follows the narrower path of article 24 and of binding Panamanian orders. A request for a list of customers is refused, whoever sends it. ## Can a foreign court order be enforced against a Panamanian registrar? Only after a Panamanian court has recognised it, through the procedure called **exequatur**. The rules sit in Law 61 of 7 October 2015, Panama's Code of Private International Law (Gaceta Oficial No. 27885-A, 8 October 2015). It entered into force the day after promulgation (art. 163). - **Article 155.** A final foreign judgment has the force that treaties give it. Without a treaty, it can be enforced unless the other State is shown not to enforce Panamanian judgments. - **Article 156.** Four conditions. The foreign court was competent and did not encroach on exclusive Panamanian jurisdiction. The defendant was personally served and could defend. The judgment respects the fundamental principles of Panamanian public order. The copy is authentic and translated into Spanish. The judgment must also be final. - **Article 157.** The application goes to the **Sala Cuarta de Negocios Generales** of the Supreme Court. The Court gives five days to the party bound by the judgment and to the Procurador General de la Nación. It may order protective measures. The second condition matters for domain cases. Many foreign domain judgments are given in default, against a holder who was never served in person. On the wording of article 156, such a judgment fails that condition. The handling, step by step, is on the [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/) page. ## Does Panama have a notice-and-takedown law like the DMCA? No: we found no statutory notice-and-takedown procedure in Panama's copyright law. Law 64 of 10 October 2012 on copyright and related rights (Gaceta Oficial No. 27139-B) has no provision on internet intermediaries and no counter-notice. It gives rightholders court remedies and precautionary measures (arts. 175–178), ordered by a judge at their request. Its article 200 gives an entry-into-force date of 1 October 2012, nine days before the law's own date; we report it as written. The United States–Panama Trade Promotion Agreement, in force since 31 October 2012, asks each party for such a regime (art. 15.11.27). It also allowed Panama to delay that article by up to three years (art. 15.13.2(m)). We found no later Panamanian law creating a private notice-and-takedown procedure. Our search is not proof that none exists. Panamanian law does contain an intermediary-liability rule built on **actual knowledge**: Law 51 of 22 July 2008 on electronic documents and commerce (Gaceta Oficial No. 26090), articles 87 to 91. - **Art. 87.** Once a competent authority has ordered a service interrupted or content removed, it may order an intermediary to suspend transmission, hosting or network access. The request goes, reasoned, through the Dirección General de Comercio Electrónico. - **Arts. 88 and 89.** Mere transmission and caching. - **Art. 90.** A host is not liable without actual knowledge ("conocimiento efectivo") that the stored activity or data is unlawful. Knowledge exists once a competent authority has declared the data unlawful, ordered its removal, and the provider knows of that decision. - **Art. 91.** Links and search tools, on the same model. Law 82 of 9 November 2012 amended many articles of Law 51 of 2008, but not articles 84 to 91. A private letter is not a declaration by a competent authority. That is the legal ground of our rule: copyright, defamation, political and competitor complaints need a Panamanian court decision. ## What did Law 478 of 2025 change for registrars? Law 478 of 4 August 2025 rewrote Panama's cybercrime rules and gave prosecutors new data powers. It was published in Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 on 5 August 2025 and took effect on promulgation (art. 33). It amends the Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure (CPP) and Law 11 of 2015 on international legal assistance in criminal matters. **Penal Code.** Article 184 punishes producing or distributing child sexual abuse material. Article 185 punishes possession with five to ten years in prison, more when computer systems are used. Article 184-A covers grooming. The computer crimes include identity theft with computer data (289-A, five to ten years) and illegal interception (289-B). They also cover data and system interference (290, 290-A) and misuse of devices (292-A, which exempts lawful security work). Article 291 aggravates attacks on public bodies, banks, hospitals and critical infrastructure. **Code of Criminal Procedure.** New tools for the Ministerio Público: - **Art. 314-A**: search and seizure of stored data, including making it inaccessible. - **Art. 338-A**: expedited preservation of data for up to 90 days, renewable; the custodian must keep the order confidential. - **Art. 338-B**: preservation and partial disclosure of traffic data. - **Art. 338-C**: production order. The Ministerio Público may order a person or company to supply computer data in its possession or control, including subscriber data. - **Art. 338-D**: real-time collection, under CPP art. 311. Article 1(3) defines a "service provider" broadly: any entity that lets users communicate through a computer system, or processes or stores data for them. A registrar operating from Panama is likely covered. That is our interpretation; the law does not name registrars. So our disclosure rule reads: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. A Ministerio Público order under article 338-A or 338-C is such a prosecutor's order. We check it the same way as a court order, tell the customer unless the order forbids it, and count these orders separately in the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). ## Does Panama's data retention law apply to domain registrars? Not on its own terms: Law 51 of 18 September 2009 names telecom operators, not registrars. Article 1 lists telecom concessionaires, distributors, agents and resellers of mobile, fixed and trunk telephony, internet cafés, "infoplazas" and communication networks serving Panama. Domain registrars are absent from the list. For the businesses it does cover, the law sets six months of retention, which a judicial authority may extend by six more (art. 6). Data goes to the Ministerio Público or a judicial authority for criminal investigations (art. 11). The Ministerio Público asks by reasoned resolution, subject to later judicial review (art. 12), with answers due in 5 or 15 working days (art. 13). Article 7 forbids interception of content. The law was published in Gaceta Oficial No. 26374 on 23 September 2009. We did not check whether a constitutional ruling has affected article 12 since. ## Which treaties let foreign authorities reach a registrar in Panama? Four instruments carry foreign requests into Panama, and in each one a Panamanian authority takes the final step. - **Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (ETS 185).** Panama deposited its accession on 5 March 2014, effective **1 July 2014** (UN Treaty Series, vol. 2993). Since Law 478, Law 11 of 2015 also provides for expedited preservation on foreign requests and a 24/7 contact point designated by the Procurador General. - **Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the United States.** Signed in Panama on **11 April 1991**, approved by Panama's Law 20 of 22 July 1991, in force since **6 September 1995**. - **Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory (OAS B-36).** Adopted in Panama City on 30 January 1975. Panama ratified it on 11 November 1975 and deposited it on 17 December 1975. - **Inter-American Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (OAS A-55).** Panama signed it on 23 May 1992 and approved it by Law 52 of 17 October 2001. Its reservation excludes acts that are not crimes in Panama. Its deposit date is not confirmed. Civil judgments follow their own road: exequatur before the Sala Cuarta, above. The practical guide for police and prosecutors is on the [law enforcement](https://panamaregistrar.com/law-enforcement/) page. ## Timeline: the Panamanian texts behind our procedure *Dates are those of the official texts cited in the sources below, checked on 19 October 2026.* | Date | Text | What it does for a domain | | --- | --- | --- | | 30 Jan 1975 | Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory (B-36); Panama ratified 11 Nov 1975 | Carries foreign court requests to Panamanian courts | | 11 Apr 1991 | US–Panama MLAT signed; approved by Law 20 of 22 July 1991; in force 6 Sep 1995 | Route for US criminal requests | | Nov 2004 | Constitution, consolidated text (Gaceta Oficial 25176) | Art. 29 communications, art. 42 data rights, art. 44 habeas data | | 22 Jul 2008 | Law 51 of 2008, e-commerce (Gaceta Oficial 26090) | Arts. 87–91: no intermediary liability without actual knowledge | | 18 Sep 2009 | Law 51 of 2009, telecom retention (Gaceta Oficial 26374) | Six months of retention for telecom operators, not registrars | | 10 Oct 2012 | Law 64 of 2012, copyright (Gaceta Oficial 27139-B) | Court remedies; no notice-and-takedown found | | 31 Oct 2012 | US–Panama Trade Promotion Agreement in force | Art. 15.11.27 asks for a takedown regime; up to 3 years' delay allowed | | 9 Nov 2012 | Law 82 of 2012 (Gaceta Oficial 27160) | Amends Law 51 of 2008, leaves arts. 84–91 untouched | | 1 Jul 2014 | Budapest Convention takes effect for Panama | Preservation and cooperation between cybercrime authorities | | 7 Oct 2015 | Law 61 of 2015, private international law (Gaceta Oficial 27885-A) | Arts. 155–157: exequatur before the Sala Cuarta | | 26 Mar 2019 | Law 81 of 2019, personal data (Gaceta Oficial 28743-A) | In force 29 Mar 2021; art. 24 bars bulk requests | | 28 May 2021 | Executive Decree 285 of 2021 (Gaceta Oficial 29296-A) | Regulates Law 81 of 2019 | | 4 Aug 2025 | Law 478 of 2025, cybercrime (Gaceta Oficial 30337) | Penal Code 184–185, 289-A to 292-A; CPP 338-A to 338-D | ## What does Panamanian law mean for you as a domain holder? Five practical rules follow from the texts above. 1. **A complaint is not an order.** A letter from a lawyer, a brand or a foreign agency creates no actual knowledge under Law 51 of 2008. We forward it to you, and the domain stays active unless a strict exception applies. 2. **Strict exceptions do not wait for a court.** Phishing, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended on a well-documented report. Most of these are also crimes under Penal Code articles 184–185 and 289-A to 292-A. 3. **Your data needs Panamanian process.** We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case; see [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). 4. **Foreign judgments need exequatur.** Until the Sala Cuarta recognises one, it does not bind us. 5. **You have rights against us too.** Articles 42 and 44 of the Constitution and Law 81 of 2019 let you access, correct and delete your data, through a complaint to ANTAI or a habeas data action. The full procedure, with time limits, is on the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) page. Prices for every extension, with or without [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/), are on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## What does Panamanian law not cover? Panamanian law binds us; it does not bind the registry, our registrar partner, ICANN or your host. Three limits follow. - **The registry applies its own law.** Each registry keeps its own copy of the registration, and a court in the registry's country can order it directly, with no Panamanian step. Verisign (.com, .net) is in the United States and DENIC (.de) in Germany. Every extension we sell is listed in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). - **ICANN duties apply through our accredited registrar partner.** It deposits registration data of generic domains with an escrow agent, ICANN can audit it, and trademark disputes follow the [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/). - **Hosting is someone else's business.** We register names; your website and its content sit with a host, under the law of the host's country. This page is not about .pa domains. The .pa extension is run by the Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, according to the IANA root database, and we do not sell it. For the cross-border cases, read [can a foreign court seize my domain?](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/can-a-foreign-court-seize-my-domain/). ## Questions about Panamanian law and domains ### Is registering a domain through a Panamanian registrar legal? Registering a domain with a registrar in Panama is an ordinary contract under Panamanian law. Whether a given use of the domain is lawful depends on what you do with it and on the law where you and your readers are. Panama does not make an unlawful activity lawful. The guide [is offshore domain registration legal?](https://panamaregistrar.com/guides/is-offshore-domain-registration-legal/) covers the question in detail. ### Does Panamanian law require a registrar to check my identity? None of the Panamanian texts on this page requires a registrar to collect an identity document, and PanamaRegistrar asks for none. ICANN rules do require one verified email per domain, checked within 15 days of registration; it is the only contact data we collect. We keep that one address private. See [no-KYC domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/) for what the account involves. ### Can the Ministerio Público obtain my data without a judge? Yes, within limits: Law 478 of 2025 lets the Ministerio Público order preservation (CPP art. 338-A) or production (art. 338-C) of computer data. Such an order binds us under Panamanian law and is subject to Panamanian legal rules. We check it like a court order, tell you unless it forbids that, and count it separately in the transparency report. ### Does a DMCA notice bind a Panamanian registrar? The DMCA is a United States law, and we found no equivalent notice-and-takedown procedure in Panama's copyright Law 64 of 2012. Under Law 51 of 2008, an intermediary acquires actual knowledge only when a competent authority declares content unlawful. We forward a DMCA notice to the holder and take no action on the domain. Details: [DMCA notices](https://panamaregistrar.com/dmca-notices/). ### Who decides whether a foreign judgment applies in Panama? The Sala Cuarta de Negocios Generales of the Supreme Court of Justice decides, under article 157 of Law 61 of 2015. It hears the party bound by the judgment and the Procurador General de la Nación, who each get five days. The judgment must meet the four conditions of article 156 and be final. ### Is there a Panamanian law that lets a ministry block a domain? We found none as of October 2026: no 2025–2026 Panamanian law on domain names or on administrative website takedowns was identified. Law 51 of 2008, article 87, lets a competent authority that has already ordered content removed ask intermediaries to suspend access, through the Dirección General de Comercio Electrónico. ### Which authority supervises personal data in Panama? ANTAI, the Autoridad Nacional de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información, supervises Law 81 of 2019. It hears complaints from data subjects (art. 18), rules on inaccurate data (art. 17), keeps the register of transfers (art. 31) and imposes sanctions (art. 36). The Law has been in force since 29 March 2021. ### Does Panamanian law protect my domain against a registry abroad? No. The registry of each extension keeps its own copy of the registration and answers to the courts of its own country. A United States court can order Verisign about a .com without passing through Panama. Choosing an extension whose registry sits in a country you are comfortable with matters as much as choosing the registrar. The .com and .net registries are thin and hold no registrant contact data. ## Official sources 1. [Constitución Política de la República de Panamá, Texto Único (arts. 29, 42–44)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/gacetas/25176_2004.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 25176 (November 2004, checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019, sobre protección de datos personales (arts. 3, 6, 11, 17, 18, 24, 31, 33, 36, 47)](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 28743-A (Legispan copy, Superintendencia de Bancos) (29 March 2019, checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Decreto Ejecutivo No. 285 de 28 de mayo de 2021, que reglamenta la Ley 81 de 2019](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/29296_A/GacetaNo_29296a_20210528.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 29296-A (28 May 2021, checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado (arts. 155–157, 163)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27885-A (8 October 2015, checked 2026-10-19) 5. [Ley 64 de 10 de octubre de 2012, sobre Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (arts. 175–178, 200)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2012/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27139-B_2012_10_10_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_64.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27139-B (10 October 2012, checked 2026-10-19) 6. [United States–Panama Trade Promotion Agreement, Chapter 15 (arts. 15.11.27, 15.13.2)](https://ustr.gov/archive/assets/Trade_Agreements/Bilateral/Panama_FTA/Final_Text/asset_upload_file131_10350.pdf) — Office of the United States Trade Representative (signed 28 June 2007, in force 31 October 2012, checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Ley 51 de 22 de julio de 2008, documentos y firmas electrónicas y comercio electrónico (arts. 84–91)](https://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Ley_No_51.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 26090 (Legispan copy, Ministerio Público) (24 July 2008, checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Ley 82 de 9 de noviembre de 2012 (art. 62, articles of Ley 51 de 2008 amended)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/27160/GacetaNo_27160_20121109.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 27160 (9 November 2012, checked 2026-10-19) 9. [Ley 51 de 18 de septiembre de 2009, conservación de datos de usuarios de telecomunicaciones (arts. 1, 6, 7, 11–13, 21)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2000/2009/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_26374_2009_9_23_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_51.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 26374 (23 September 2009, checked 2026-10-19) 10. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025, medidas contra la ciberdelincuencia (Código Penal, Código Procesal Penal, Ley 11 de 2015)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (5 August 2025, checked 2026-10-19) 11. [Convention on Cybercrime, accession of Panama (UNTS vol. 2993, A-40916)](https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202993/volume-2993-A-40916.pdf) — United Nations Treaty Series (registered 24 June 2014, checked 2026-10-19) 12. [Panama (95-906) – Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty](https://2021-2025.state.gov/panama-95-906-mutual-legal-assistance-treaty) — US Department of State (signed 11 April 1991, in force 6 September 1995, checked 2026-10-19) 13. [Senate Executive Report 104-3, Treaty with Panama on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters](https://www.congress.gov/104/crpt/erpt3/CRPT-104erpt3.pdf) — US Congress (5 May 1995, checked 2026-10-19) 14. [Panama: submission on criminal accountability (Law 20 of 1991, Law 52 of 2001)](https://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/gov_comments/pdfs/criminal_accountability/2012/english/panama.pdf) — United Nations, Sixth Committee (2012, checked 2026-10-19) 15. [Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory (B-36), status table](https://www.justice.gov/civil/common/oija/documents/service/Inter-American%20Convention%20Declarations.pdf) — US Department of Justice, Office of International Judicial Assistance (2008, checked 2026-10-19) 16. [.pa domain delegation record](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/pa.html) — IANA Root Zone Database (updated 2026-09-29, checked 2026-10-19) > **This is not legal advice** This page summarises Panamanian texts as we read them on 19 October 2026, to explain our own procedure. It does not tell you whether your use of a domain is lawful in Panama or elsewhere. For a decision about your case, ask a lawyer admitted in the country concerned. --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Domain prices, one per extension > Domain prices at PanamaRegistrar: .com $11.99, the same to renew and transfer, 43 extensions, Domain protection +$29/year. Crypto, no KYC. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) The first year, every renewal and a transfer cost the same. Domain protection is an option at **+$29 a year**. Paid in crypto from a prepaid balance. **Quick answer — How much does a domain cost at PanamaRegistrar?** At **PanamaRegistrar**, a .com costs **$11.99** a year, a .net $12.99 and a .io $52.99, with the renewal and the transfer at the same price. Optional Domain protection adds **$29** a year per domain. Prices for 43 extensions, checked 19 October 2026, paid in crypto with no KYC. ## The price rules | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Price per extension | One yearly price: first year = renewal = transfer | | .com | $11.99/year | | Domain protection | +$29 per year and per domain, on top of the extension price | | Sold with Domain protection only | .de, .uk, .nl, .cc, .to, .ch, .pl, .be, .at, .cz, .nz, .fi: the price shown already includes it | | WHOIS/RDAP privacy | Free wherever the registry allows it | | Transfer out | Free auth code, no exit fee; ICANN's 60-day transfer lock after a registration or a transfer still applies | | Transfer in | One year at the transfer price; a generic extension gains one year, a .ai is billed 2 years (transfer + 1 renewal) and gains 2, another country code depends on its registry | | .ai | Minimum 2 years: a new .ai costs twice $85.49 at checkout, and a .ai transfer $85.49 + one renewal = $170.98 | | Payment | Crypto only (BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC), prepaid balance, minimum top-up $25 | | Prices valid | Until 31 December 2026, unless a registry raises its own price first (see below) | ## Every extension and its yearly price Click an extension for its registry, the country where that registry sits, its rules and its dispute policy. The full list of registries, from the IANA root database, is in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). | Extension | 1st year | Renewal | Transfer | WHOIS privacy | Restrictions | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | .com | $11.99 | $11.99 | $11.99 | Free | None | | .net | $12.99 | $12.99 | $12.99 | Free | None | | .org | $12.99 | $12.99 | $12.99 | Free | None | | .io | $52.99 | $52.99 | $52.99 | Free | None | | .ai | $85.49 | $85.49 | $85.49 | Free | min. 2 years · sold 2 years at a time; a transfer is billed 2 years (transfer + 1 renewal) | | .co | $31.99 | $31.99 | $31.99 | Free | None | | .app | $15.49 | $15.49 | $15.49 | Free | HTTPS required | | .dev | $12.99 | $12.99 | $12.99 | Free | HTTPS required | | .xyz | $11.99 | $11.99 | $11.99 | Free | None | | .info | $20.99 | $20.99 | $20.99 | Free | None | | .me | $18.49 | $18.49 | $18.49 | Free | None | | .de (Domain protection only) | $36.99 | $36.99 | $36.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .uk (Domain protection only) | $38.49 | $38.49 | $38.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .online | $31.49 | $31.49 | $31.49 | Free | None | | .shop | $33.49 | $33.49 | $33.49 | Free | None | | .store | $55.49 | $55.49 | $55.49 | Free | None | | .tech | $51.99 | $51.99 | $51.99 | Free | None | | .nl (Domain protection only) | $37.99 | $37.99 | $37.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .biz | $20.99 | $20.99 | $20.99 | Free | None | | .tv | $40.99 | $40.99 | $40.99 | Free | None | | .cc (Domain protection only) | $43.99 | $43.99 | $43.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .gg | $83.49 | $83.49 | $83.49 | Free | None | | .to (Domain protection only) | $86.49 | $86.49 | $86.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .ch (Domain protection only) | $41.49 | $41.49 | $41.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .pl (Domain protection only) | $43.49 | $43.49 | $43.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .be (Domain protection only) | $38.99 | $38.99 | $38.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .at (Domain protection only) | $44.99 | $44.99 | $44.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .cloud | $22.99 | $22.99 | $22.99 | Free | None | | .club | $18.99 | $18.99 | $18.99 | Free | None | | .live | $29.99 | $29.99 | $29.99 | Free | None | | .pro | $20.99 | $20.99 | $20.99 | Free | None | | .blog | $28.49 | $28.49 | $28.49 | Free | None | | .art | $18.49 | $18.49 | $18.49 | Free | None | | .digital | $34.99 | $34.99 | $34.99 | Free | None | | .link | $11.99 | $11.99 | $11.99 | Free | None | | .email | $27.99 | $27.99 | $27.99 | Free | None | | .media | $35.99 | $35.99 | $35.99 | Free | None | | .news | $30.99 | $30.99 | $30.99 | Free | None | | .cz (Domain protection only) | $43.99 | $43.99 | $43.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .nz (Domain protection only) | $49.99 | $49.99 | $49.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .fi (Domain protection only) | $46.99 | $46.99 | $46.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .pw | $22.49 | $22.49 | $22.49 | Free | None | | .vc | $43.49 | $43.49 | $43.49 | Free | None | *43 extensions · prices per year in USD* Prices in US dollars per year. A .ai is registered, renewed and transferred 2 years at a time, so each payment is twice the yearly price ($170.98). **[Domain protection only](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/)**: sold only with Domain protection (registered in our company's name), because the registry requires a name and postal address; it receives those of DomaineGoat LLC, never yours. The price shown includes the $29/year for it. ## Why is the renewal the same price as the first year? Because a price you can plan is part of a predictable procedure. Many registrars sell the first year below cost with a promo code and recover it at renewal; their renewal prices and codes change often, so check them on the registrar's own page on the day you buy. At PanamaRegistrar the .com costs $11.99 in year one and $11.99 in year five. The same rule covers transfers. Moving a domain in costs $11.99 for a .com and adds one year to its expiry date, as ICANN rules provide for gTLD transfers. For a country-code extension, whether a year is added depends on its registry, and the checkout says so. ## What does Domain protection cost, and what does it include? Domain protection costs **+$29 a year per domain**, on top of the extension price. A .com with the option therefore costs $11.99 + $29 a year. It includes four things: 1. the domain is registered in the name of DomaineGoat LLC, so the registry and WHOIS/RDAP show our company, never you; you stay the beneficial owner and can take it back in your own name, free; 2. a transfer lock is on by default, and any transfer or DNS change must be confirmed from your account; 3. your data is kept to a minimum: we hold only your email, released only under our [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/) rule; 4. every complaint is read by a person before any action on the domain, and you are told when the law allows it. This point exists only with the option. Twelve extensions are sold **with Domain protection only**: .de, .uk, .nl, .cc, .to, .ch, .pl, .be, .at, .cz, .nz, .fi. Their registries require a holder name and a postal address, so the registry receives those of DomaineGoat LLC. For them, the table above already shows the total. The [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) page explains each point and its limits. ## How do registry price rises reach our prices? Each registry sets a wholesale price, and every registrar pays it. Verisign raises the .com wholesale price from $10.26 to $10.97 on 1 November 2026, plus the ICANN fee of $0.20 per year, per osir.com. The .net wholesale price goes from $10.91 to $12.00 on 1 March 2027, per Domain Name Wire (27 August 2026). Our price list is valid until 31 December 2026. When a registry rise forces a change, the new price is published here and in [pricing.json](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing.json) before it applies, with the date. A renewal is charged at the price shown on the day it is paid from your balance. ## How do I pay? In crypto only: BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC. You top up a prepaid balance (minimum $25), send the exact amount on the exact network shown on the payment page, and the top-up is credited after the network confirmations. Registrations, renewals and transfers are then paid from the balance. Unused balance stays on your account and never expires, and it pays for new domains, renewals and transfers. When a purchase costs less than the minimum top-up, the part added only to reach the minimum is refundable on request to support within 30 days of the payment, in USDT or USDC, as long as it has not been spent. The rest of the balance is not paid back, except where the law requires it. There is no card, no subscription and no automatic charge to a wallet. Monero is not accepted. The steps and confirmation counts are on the [crypto payment](https://panamaregistrar.com/buy-domain-with-crypto/) page. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is WHOIS privacy extra? No. WHOIS/RDAP privacy is free on every extension that allows a privacy service; what stays public depends on each registry. On the 12 extensions sold with Domain protection only, the registry receives our company's details instead of yours, and the option is included in the price shown. ### Is the .ai price per year? Yes. The .ai registry requires registrations and renewals of at least 2 years, so a new .ai costs twice $85.49 at checkout, and each renewal covers 2 years as well. A .ai transfer is billed 2 years too: $85.49 plus one renewal, $170.98, and the registry adds 2 years. ### Do you charge to transfer a domain out? No. The transfer code is free, from your account, at any time, except in the 60 days after a registration or a transfer (ICANN Transfer Policy) and while a UDRP or court lock applies. There is no exit fee. The registrar that receives the domain charges its own transfer price. ### Can I add Domain protection later? Yes. Choose it per domain at checkout, on any of the 43 extensions of the offer, or add it later from the domain in your client area: the first charge is pro rata of $29 a year until the expiry date, then $29 is added to each renewal. On a transfer in, $29 covers the year the transfer adds, and the time already paid at your current registrar is billed pro rata from your balance once the transfer is done. Ending the option puts the domain back in your own name, free; nothing already paid for it is refunded. ### Why are some extensions not sold? Because their registry asks for more than one verified email and does not accept our company as the holder: .us requires a United States nexus and bans privacy services, .eu, .fr and .it require residence in the European Union or EEA, .ca requires a Canadian presence. We do not sell an extension we cannot register honestly. ### Where is the machine-readable price list? In [pricing.json](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing.json): every extension with its first-year, renewal and transfer price, the Domain protection price and the date of the last update. The same figures appear on the [official facts page](https://panamaregistrar.com/llm-info/). ## Sources 1. [Verisign .com price update 2026](https://osir.com/en/blog/verisign-com-price-update-2026/) — osir.com (checked 2026-10-08) 2. [Verisign announces .net price increase](https://domainnamewire.com/2026/08/27/verisign-announces-net-price-increase/) — Domain Name Wire (2026-08-27) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Domain Registry Jurisdiction Index (2026) > Registry manager, country, back-end operator and legal framework for 43 domain extensions, from the IANA root zone database, checked October 2026. CC BY 4.0. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) For every extension sold by PanamaRegistrar: who runs the registry, in which country, who operates the database, and which policy framework applies. Each registry keeps its own copy of every registration and answers to the courts of its own country. **Quick answer — Where are domain registries located, and which law applies to them?** The **PanamaRegistrar** registry jurisdiction index lists, for each of the 43 extensions we sell, the registry manager, its country, the back-end operator and the policy framework, from the IANA root zone database as of October 2026. 16 registries sit in the United States; the others are spread across 25 other countries and territories. ## The index in figures | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Extensions covered | 43 (23 generic, 20 country codes) | | Source | IANA root zone database, one delegation record per extension | | Date of the check | 19 October 2026 | | Registry managers in the United States | 16 extensions | | Other extensions with a United States back end | 3 (.tv, .vc, .cc) | | Countries and territories of registry managers | 26 | | Licence | CC BY 4.0 — reuse with a link | ## Registry jurisdiction of every extension we sell One row per extension. "Registry manager" and "Back-end operator" are the names in the IANA delegation record. "Dispute policy" is filled only where we confirmed it; "not confirmed" means the registry runs its own policy and we did not verify it. *Source: IANA root zone database, delegation records checked on 19 October 2026; dispute policies from ICANN, WIPO, DENIC and Nominet (see sources). CC BY 4.0 — reuse with a link to this page.* | Extension | Registry manager (IANA) | Country of the registry manager | Back-end operator (country) | Policy framework | Dispute policy | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [.com](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/com/) | VeriSign Global Registry Services | United States | VeriSign Global Registry Services, Reston, Virginia (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP | | [.net](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/net/) | VeriSign Global Registry Services | United States | VeriSign Global Registry Services, Reston, Virginia (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP | | [.org](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/org/) | Public Interest Registry (PIR) | United States | Identity Digital Limited, Bellevue, Washington (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP; URS (reported applied to .org since 2021) | | [.info](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/info/) | Identity Digital Limited | United States | Identity Digital Limited, Bellevue, Washington (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP | | [.biz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/biz/) | Registry Services, LLC (GoDaddy Registry) | United States | GoDaddy Registry, Tempe, Arizona (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP | | [.pro](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pro/) | Identity Digital Limited | United States | Identity Digital Limited, Bellevue, Washington (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP | | [.app](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/app/) | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google Registry) | United States | Google, New York, New York (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.dev](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/dev/) | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google Registry) | United States | Google, New York, New York (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.xyz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/xyz/) | XYZ.COM LLC | United States | CentralNic, London (United Kingdom) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.online](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/online/) | Radix Technologies Inc. SEZC | Cayman Islands | Tucows.com, Co., Toronto (Canada) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.store](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/store/) | Radix Technologies Inc. | Cayman Islands | Tucows.com, Co., Toronto (Canada) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.tech](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/tech/) | Radix Technologies Inc. | Cayman Islands | Tucows.com, Co., Toronto (Canada) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.cloud](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cloud/) | ARUBA PEC S.p.A. | Italy | Tucows.com, Co., Toronto (Canada) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.link](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/link/) | Nova Registry Ltd. | Malta | Tucows.com, Co., Toronto (Canada) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.blog](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/blog/) | Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC (Automattic) | United States | Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA), Ottawa (Canada) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.art](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/art/) | UK Creative Ideas Limited | Isle of Man (IANA: United Kingdom) | CentralNic, London (United Kingdom) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.shop](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/shop/) | GMO Registry, Inc. | Japan | GMO Registry, Inc., Tokyo (Japan) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.club](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/club/) | Registry Services, LLC (GoDaddy Registry) | United States | GoDaddy Registry, Tempe, Arizona (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.live](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/live/) | Dog Beach, LLC (Identity Digital) | United States | Identity Digital Limited, Bellevue, Washington (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.digital](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/digital/) | Binky Moon, LLC (Identity Digital) | United States | Identity Digital Limited, Bellevue, Washington (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.media](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/media/) | Binky Moon, LLC (Identity Digital) | United States | Identity Digital Limited, Bellevue, Washington (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.news](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/news/) | Dog Beach, LLC (Identity Digital) | United States | Identity Digital Limited, Bellevue, Washington (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.email](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/email/) | Binky Moon, LLC (Identity Digital) | United States | Identity Digital Limited, Bellevue, Washington (United States) | ICANN registry agreement | UDRP + URS | | [.io](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/io/) | Internet Computer Bureau Limited | British Indian Ocean Territory (technical office: United Kingdom) | Internet Computer Bureau Ltd, Orpington, Kent (United Kingdom) | National ccTLD policy | UDRP variation (WIPO list) | | [.ai](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ai/) | Government of Anguilla | Anguilla | Government of Anguilla (IANA); RDAP served by Identity Digital (Anguilla / United States) | National ccTLD policy | UDRP (WIPO list) | | [.co](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/co/) | Ministry of Information and Communications Technologies (MinTIC) | Colombia | CentralNic, London (United Kingdom) | National ccTLD policy | UDRP (WIPO list) | | [.me](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/me/) | Government of Montenegro | Montenegro | Center of Information System, University of Montenegro, Podgorica (Montenegro) | National ccTLD policy | UDRP (WIPO list) | | [.tv](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/tv/) | Ministry of Transport, Energy, Communications and Innovations | Tuvalu | GoDaddy Registry, Tempe, Arizona (United States) | National ccTLD policy | UDRP (WIPO list) | | [.gg](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/gg/) | Island Networks Ltd. | Guernsey | Island Networks Limited, Alderney (Guernsey) | National ccTLD policy | Registry policy (not confirmed) | | [.pw](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pw/) | Micronesia Investment and Development Corporation | Palau | Radix Technologies Inc SEZC, Grand Cayman (Cayman Islands) | National ccTLD policy | UDRP (WIPO list) | | [.vc](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/vc/) | Ministry of Telecommunications, Science, Technology and Industry | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Identity Digital Inc., Bellevue, Washington (United States) | National ccTLD policy | Registry policy (not confirmed) | | [.de](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/de/) | DENIC eG | Germany | DENIC eG, Frankfurt am Main (Germany) | National ccTLD policy | No UDRP: DENIC DISPUTE entry + German courts | | [.uk](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/uk/) | Nominet UK | United Kingdom | Nominet UK, Oxford (United Kingdom) | National ccTLD policy | Nominet DRS (UDRP variation, WIPO list) | | [.nl](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/nl/) | SIDN (Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland) | Netherlands | SIDN, Arnhem (Netherlands) | National ccTLD policy | UDRP variation (WIPO list) | | [.ch](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ch/) | SWITCH The Swiss Education & Research Network | Switzerland | SWITCH, Zurich (Switzerland) | National ccTLD policy | UDRP variation (WIPO list) | | [.pl](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pl/) | Research and Academic Computer Network (NASK) | Poland | NASK, Warsaw (Poland) | National ccTLD policy | Expedited arbitration (WIPO list) | | [.be](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/be/) | DNS Belgium vzw/asbl | Belgium | DNS Belgium vzw/asbl, Leuven (Belgium) | National ccTLD policy | Registry policy (not confirmed) | | [.at](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/at/) | nic.at GmbH | Austria | nic.at GmbH, c/o Vienna University Computer Center, Vienna (Austria) | National ccTLD policy | Registry policy (not confirmed) | | [.cz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cz/) | CZ.NIC, z.s.p.o. | Czechia | CZ.NIC, z.s.p.o., Prague (Czechia) | National ccTLD policy | Registry policy (not confirmed) | | [.cc](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cc/) | eNIC Cocos (Keeling) Islands Pty. Ltd. (Island Internet Services) | Australia | VeriSign Global Registry Services, Reston, Virginia (United States) | National ccTLD policy | UDRP (WIPO list) | | [.to](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/to/) | Government of the Kingdom of Tonga, c/o Consulate of Tonga | Tonga (contact address: United States) | Tucows.com, Toronto (Canada) | National ccTLD policy | Registry policy (not confirmed) | | [.fi](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/fi/) | Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom | Finland | Traficom, Helsinki (Finland) | National ccTLD policy | Registry policy (not confirmed) | | [.nz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/nz/) | InternetNZ | New Zealand | InternetNZ, Wellington (New Zealand) | National ccTLD policy | Registry policy (not confirmed) | ## How do you read the table? Each row is one extension, linked to its own page. **Registry manager** is the organisation IANA lists as responsible for the extension: the company, foundation, agency or government that holds the delegation. **Country of the registry manager** is the country of the address IANA gives for it. **Back-end operator** is the technical contact in the same IANA record: the company that runs the registry database, the WHOIS host and the RDAP service. Manager and operator are often the same, as for DENIC with .de or Nominet with .uk. They are often different for newer extensions: Radix in the Cayman Islands uses Tucows in Toronto, for example. **Policy framework** separates two worlds. Generic extensions (gTLDs) such as .com or .app run under a registry agreement with ICANN, which brings ICANN policies such as the UDRP with it. Country codes (ccTLDs) such as .de or .co follow national rules set by the registry or the government, with no ICANN registry contract. **Dispute policy** shows what we confirmed for trademark disputes. For country codes, we used WIPO's list of country-code domains that use its dispute service, and the registries' own pages for .de and .uk. ## Why does the registry's country matter? The registry holds the authoritative record of every domain in its extension. A registrar sends registrations to the registry and manages them for the customer; for PanamaRegistrar domains, that is our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record. The registry keeps its own copy and can change it directly. For .com and .net, Verisign runs a thin registry: its copy holds the domain, the registrar, the nameservers and the dates, but no registrant contact data. Whatever happens at the registrar, the registry's record is what the internet's DNS follows. A registry is an organisation located somewhere, and the courts of that place have authority over it. An order addressed to the registry can therefore change a domain without any step by the registrar: a transfer, a deletion, a hold, or a change of nameservers. That is why the choice of extension is also a choice of jurisdiction. 16 of our 43 extensions have their registry manager in the United States, including .com, .net and .org. A further 3 have a United States company as back-end operator, which adds a United States connection we could not fully qualify. The remaining registries sit in Europe, Asia, the Pacific, the Caribbean and Latin America. The registry's country is not the only factor. ICANN policies bind every generic extension wherever its registry sits, and a court can also act against the person who runs a website, not the domain. The index answers one narrow question: where is the registry, and therefore which courts can act on the record itself. ## Can a court where the registry sits act without the registrar? Yes, and in some countries the law says so in writing. Four examples are confirmed in the sources of this page. - **United States.** The Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act lets a trademark owner file an *in rem* action against the domain name itself, in the judicial district where the registrar, the registry or another domain authority is located: 15 U.S.C. §1125(d)(2). It applies when the owner cannot sue the registrant in person or cannot find them after notice. The remedies are forfeiture, cancellation or transfer. Once served, the registry must deposit control documents with the court and leave the domain unchanged during the case. For .com and .net, the registry is Verisign in Reston, Virginia. - **Germany.** DENIC's domain terms are governed by German law, with exclusive jurisdiction in Frankfurt am Main for legal persons and for holders outside Germany. Under § 7 (2), a final judgment that a registration infringes someone's rights is a ground for DENIC to end the contract. A claimant can also obtain a DISPUTE entry, which blocks transfers for one year, renewable while the case runs. - **United Kingdom.** Under its Criminal Practices Policy, Nominet can suspend a .uk domain when the police or another law enforcement agency alert it to criminal use. Nominet checks the domain and works with the registrar. - **Switzerland.** Under Article 15 of the Ordinance on Internet Domains, as OFCOM describes it, the .ch registry may block a domain on reasonable suspicion of phishing or malware, and must block it at the request of an anti-cybercrime service recognised by OFCOM. For the other registries, we could not confirm a published procedure for court orders, and the index says so. That absence is not a guarantee: any registry must follow a valid order of a court that has authority over it. ## What can PanamaRegistrar do about it, and what can it not do? PanamaRegistrar controls what our service does. We act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. A copyright, defamation, political or competitor complaint needs a decision from a Panamanian court, and a foreign judgment must first be recognised in Panama by exequatur. Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report. With Domain protection, every complaint is also read by a person before any action on the domain. The full steps are in the [takedown procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/) and on the [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/) page. PanamaRegistrar does not control the registry, nor our registrar partner, which keeps its own legal duties. We cannot refuse, delay or reverse an order that a court in Virginia, Frankfurt or Oxford addresses to the registry of that country. We cannot move a .com record out of the United States, because there is only one .com registry. [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) registers a domain in our company's name, adds a transfer lock and keeps the data we hold to your email, but it does not change the registry's country or its courts. What we can do is tell you. When we learn of an action taken at the registry level, we tell you, unless the law or the order forbids it. We publish this index so that you can choose an extension with its registry country in view, before you register. And our [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/) will count the orders and requests we receive, every quarter, starting January 2027. ## Which countries hold the most registries in this index? By registry manager: the United States holds 16 ([.com](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/com/), [.net](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/net/), [.org](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/org/), [.info](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/info/), [.biz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/biz/), [.pro](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pro/), [.app](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/app/), [.dev](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/dev/), [.xyz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/xyz/), [.blog](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/blog/), [.club](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/club/), [.live](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/live/), [.digital](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/digital/), [.media](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/media/), [.news](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/news/), [.email](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/email/)). The Cayman Islands hold 3 ([.online](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/online/), [.store](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/store/), [.tech](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/tech/)), all managed by Radix. Every other country or territory holds one: Italy ([.cloud](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cloud/)), Malta ([.link](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/link/)), the Isle of Man ([.art](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/art/)), Japan ([.shop](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/shop/)), the British Indian Ocean Territory ([.io](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/io/)), Anguilla ([.ai](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ai/)), Colombia ([.co](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/co/)), Montenegro ([.me](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/me/)), Tuvalu ([.tv](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/tv/)), Guernsey ([.gg](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/gg/)), Palau ([.pw](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pw/)), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ([.vc](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/vc/)), Germany ([.de](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/de/)), the United Kingdom ([.uk](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/uk/)), the Netherlands ([.nl](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/nl/)), Switzerland ([.ch](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ch/)), Poland ([.pl](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pl/)), Belgium ([.be](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/be/)), Austria ([.at](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/at/)), Czechia ([.cz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cz/)), Australia ([.cc](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cc/)), Tonga ([.to](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/to/)), Finland ([.fi](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/fi/)) and New Zealand ([.nz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/nz/)). By back-end operator, the picture changes. Tucows in Toronto operates 6 registries ([.online](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/online/), [.store](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/store/), [.tech](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/tech/), [.cloud](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cloud/), [.link](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/link/), [.to](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/to/)), and CIRA, also in Canada, operates .blog. CentralNic in London runs [.xyz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/xyz/), [.art](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/art/), [.co](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/co/). Verisign in Reston runs .cc next to .com and .net. GoDaddy Registry in Tempe, Arizona runs .tv for Tuvalu, and Identity Digital in Bellevue, Washington is the technical contact for .vc. Those country codes have a government or company abroad as manager, but their database is operated from the United States. ## What does the index not tell you? The index records where registries are and which framework they follow. It does not predict what any court would decide in a given case. It does not cover the country of your hosting provider, your payment processor or yourself, each of which can matter more than the registry in a dispute. Several registries publish their own rules for court orders and disputes, and where we did not verify them, the table says "not confirmed" rather than guess. IANA records change. The date of the last update of each record is on its extension page; we checked every record on 19 October 2026 and will update the index when a delegation changes. If you see a change before we do, write to support@panamaregistrar.com. ## Can I reuse this data? Yes. The index is published under the **CC BY 4.0** licence — reuse with a link to this page. You may copy the table, change it and publish it, including for commercial use, as long as you credit PanamaRegistrar with a link to https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/. The underlying facts come from IANA's public root zone database, which anyone can check one extension at a time. ## Questions about registry jurisdiction ### Which domain extensions have their registry outside the United States? In this index, 27 of 43 extensions: every country code we sell, plus .online, .store, .tech (Cayman Islands), .cloud (Italy), .link (Malta), .art (Isle of Man) and .shop (Japan). Some of them still use a United States back-end operator, such as .tv, .cc and .vc. Check both columns before you choose. ### Is the registrar or the registry more important for a seizure? The registry, for the record itself. A court with authority over the registry can order it to change a domain directly, without the registrar. The registrar matters for everything it controls: the registration, the account data, and what it does on a complaint. For our domains, the registrar of record is our accredited partner, and PanamaRegistrar acts on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. ### Does an ICANN contract protect a domain from national courts? No. The ICANN registry agreement adds policies such as the UDRP, which apply to every generic extension. It does not exempt the registry from the courts of its own country. Verisign, for example, is bound both by its ICANN contract and by United States law. ### How often is the index updated? We checked every IANA delegation record on 19 October 2026. We update the index when a registry, an operator or a dispute policy changes for an extension we sell, and change the date at the top of the page when we do. > **This is not legal advice.** The index describes where registries are located and which framework they follow, from public sources. For a decision about a specific domain or dispute, ask a lawyer in the relevant country. ## Sources 1. [Root Zone Database (delegation records of every top-level domain)](https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db) — IANA (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [15 U.S.C. § 1125 — in rem civil action against a domain name, subsection (d)(2)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1125) — Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (checked 2026-10-19) 3. [ccTLD database: country code domains that use WIPO dispute resolution](https://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/cctld/) — WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (checked 2026-10-19) 4. [DENIC Domain Terms and Conditions (§ 3 (4), § 7 (2), § 8)](https://www.denic.de/en/domain-terms-and-conditions/) — DENIC eG (checked 2026-10-19) 5. [DISPUTE entry: block a domain transfer while a claim is pursued](https://www.denic.de/en/services/dispute-procedure/) — DENIC eG (checked 2026-10-19) 6. [Nominet formalises approach to tackling criminal activity on .UK domains](https://nominet.uk/news/nominet-formalises-approach-to-tackling-criminal-activity-on-uk-domains/) — Nominet (checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Domain disputes: the .UK Dispute Resolution Service](https://nominet.uk/uk-registry/domain-disputes/) — Nominet (checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Combating cybercrime: blocking of .ch and .swiss domains (Art. 15 OID)](https://www.bakom.admin.ch/en/combating-cybercrime) — Federal Office of Communications OFCOM (checked 2026-10-19) 9. [Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/help/dndr/udrp-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 10. [Uniform Rapid Suspension (URS)](https://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/urs) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 11. [URS Now Applies to .org Domain Names](https://giga.law/blog/2021/1/6/urs-org) — Giga Law (6 January 2021) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Panama takedown procedure, explained step by step > The Panama takedown procedure of PanamaRegistrar in 9 steps: abuse tracks and time limits, court orders, exequatur, UDRP. Crypto-paid, no-KYC domains. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/takedown-procedure/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) What happens to a complaint about a domain registered with us, from the moment it arrives to the line it takes in the transparency report. Every track, every time limit, in writing. **Quick answer — How does the Panama takedown procedure work at PanamaRegistrar?** The Panama takedown procedure at **PanamaRegistrar** has 9 steps and 4 tracks, as of October 2026. Phishing, malware, botnets and fraud are suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report, child abuse material immediately. Copyright, defamation, political and competitor complaints need a Panamanian court decision. UDRP locks take 2 business days. ## The procedure at a glance | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Where to report | abuse@panamaregistrar.com, no account needed; each report gets an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number | | Phishing, malware, botnets, fraud | Suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report | | Child sexual abuse material | Suspended immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC | | Other abuse reports | Written decision within 2 business days | | Copyright, defamation, political, competitor | No action on the domain without a Panamanian court decision; the complaint is forwarded to the holder | | Court orders | Panamanian orders are verified with the issuing court; foreign judgments need exequatur first | | Trademark (UDRP) | Domain locked within 2 business days of the provider's request; the panel decision is applied | | Customer notice | You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it | ## Who can file a complaint, and where? Anyone can, by email to **abuse@panamaregistrar.com**, without an account. Courts, prosecutors and lawyers use the same address with the subject line "Legal request"; urgent cases (a threat to life, child abuse material) use the subject "URGENT". Write in English or Spanish, name the domain exactly, and attach your evidence. The procedure below applies to every domain registered through DomaineGoat LLC, a company incorporated in Panama. Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner. The procedure is the same with or without [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/), with one addition for protected domains: a person reads every complaint before any action on the domain. Its legal basis, text by text, is on the [Panama domain law](https://panamaregistrar.com/panama-domain-law/) page. ## The procedure, step by step Nine steps. A complaint passes through steps 1, 2, 7 and 9 whatever its track; steps 3 to 6 are the four tracks. 1. **Receipt and acknowledgement** — The report gets an automatic acknowledgement with a reference number. It is logged with its date, sender, domain and evidence. Keep the reference: it is the key to every later message. 2. **Triage** — We check that the domain is registered with us, then assign one of four tracks: strict exception, content complaint, legal order, or trademark dispute. With Domain protection, the complaint is also read by a person before any action on the domain. 3. **Track A: strict exceptions** — Phishing (including pharming), malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims: suspension within 24 hours of a well-documented report. Child sexual abuse material: handled immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC. Spam counts only when it carries one of these. Any other abuse report gets a written decision within 2 business days. 4. **Track B: content complaints** — Copyright, defamation, privacy, political or competitor complaints: no action on the domain without a decision from a Panamanian court. We forward the complaint to the holder's verified email and tell the complainant which routes exist. 5. **Track C: court and Ministerio Público orders** — Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. A Ministerio Público order under CPP articles 338-A or 338-C is checked the same way. A foreign judgment binds us only after exequatur by the Sala Cuarta of the Supreme Court. 6. **Track D: UDRP and URS** — On a UDRP provider's request, the domain is locked within 2 business days and the lock confirmed. For a URS case, the registry locks the domain within 24 hours. We apply the decision when it comes. 7. **Notice to the customer** — We write to the verified email before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. The notice says what was received, which track applies, what we did or will do, and how to answer. 8. **Answer and appeal** — You answer from the verified email, quoting the reference. In track A, show that the abuse has stopped or that the report is wrong. Court and UDRP decisions are challenged where they were made. 9. **Counted in the transparency report** — Every complaint becomes one line in the transparency report, published every quarter: category, outcome and time to act. The first report comes out in January 2027. ## Complaint type → what we need → what we do → time limit | Complaint type | What we need | What we do | Time limit | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Phishing or pharming | Full URL, screenshot, date and time (UTC), the brand or bank imitated | Suspend the domain; tell the holder | within 24 hours of a well-documented report | | Malware or botnet | URL or host, file hash or sandbox report, date seen | Suspend the domain; tell the holder | within 24 hours of a well-documented report | | Fraud taking money (fake shop, investment or crypto scam, wallet drainer, bank or brand impersonation, sale of stolen data) | URL, payment request or wallet address, victim report or order trail | Suspend the domain; tell the holder | within 24 hours of a well-documented report | | Child sexual abuse material | The URL only. Never send the material itself | Suspend the domain; tell the holder afterwards | immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC | | Spam | Full message headers | Act only if it carries one of the abuses above; otherwise forward | within 2 business days | | Copyright, including DMCA notices | Any complaint is read; only a Panamanian court decision leads to action | Forward to the holder; written reply to the sender | Reply within 2 business days | | Defamation, privacy, political content | A Panamanian court decision | Forward to the holder; act only on the decision | Reply within 2 business days | | Competitor complaint | A Panamanian court decision | Forward to the holder; act only on the decision | Reply within 2 business days | | Trademark | A UDRP or URS complaint filed with an approved provider | UDRP: lock and confirm; apply the panel decision | Lock within 2 business days | | Panamanian court order | The order, with the court, case number and measure | Verify with the court; apply the measure ordered | After verification | | Ministerio Público order (CPP 338-A, 338-C) | The order, with the prosecutor's office and legal basis | Verify; preserve or produce what we hold | After verification | | Foreign judgment | Exequatur from the Sala Cuarta of the Supreme Court | Without exequatur: refuse and count; with it: as a Panamanian order | After verification | Time limits run from the acknowledgement. "Reply" means a written answer to the sender, not an action on the domain. ## What counts as a well-documented abuse report? A well-documented report lets us confirm the abuse without guessing. For track A, that means: - the **exact URL** or host, not just the domain; - **what it does**: the bank imitated, the malware family, the payment demanded; - **when** it was seen, in UTC; - **evidence** we can check: a screenshot, a file hash, a sandbox report, message headers, a victim's order or transfer record. For child sexual abuse material, send the URL only. Never attach or forward the material. Under Penal Code article 185, as amended by Law 478 of 2025, possession is itself a crime in Panama. A report that lacks evidence is not refused outright. We ask for what is missing. The time limits apply to a well-documented report, so they run once the evidence is complete. ICANN's Registrar Accreditation Agreement (§3.18.1), which binds our registrar partner and, through it, our service, requires registrars to investigate abuse reports and respond appropriately. Since the 5 April 2024 amendments, §3.18.2 requires prompt mitigation once a registrar has actionable evidence of DNS abuse. ## Why does a copyright or defamation complaint need a Panamanian court? Because under Panamanian law an intermediary acquires actual knowledge only from a competent authority's decision. Law 51 of 2008 (arts. 87–91) exempts intermediaries that lack actual knowledge that content is unlawful. Knowledge exists once a competent authority has declared the content unlawful and ordered its removal. Panama's copyright law, Law 64 of 2012, gives rightholders court remedies and precautionary measures (arts. 175–178). We found no private notice-and-takedown procedure in it. A rightholder in a hurry can ask a Panamanian judge for a precautionary measure; that measure reaches us as a court order. In practice, a content complaint goes three ways: to the holder, forwarded by us; to the **host**, which stores the content; or to a **Panamanian court**. We tell the complainant all three. For copyright notices sent under United States law, see [DMCA notices](https://panamaregistrar.com/dmca-notices/). ## How are foreign court judgments handled? A foreign judgment is refused until the Supreme Court of Panama recognises it, and the refusal is counted. Recognition, called exequatur, is filed with the Sala Cuarta de Negocios Generales under articles 155 to 157 of Law 61 of 2015. The Court gives five days to the party bound by the judgment and to the Procurador General de la Nación. Article 156 sets four conditions, among them that the defendant was personally served and could defend. Once recognised, the judgment is handled like a Panamanian order: verified, applied as written, and notified. The conditions and the documents are on the [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/) page. ## What can the registry, or our registrar partner, do without us? A great deal: the registry holds its own copy of the registration and answers to the law of its own country. Our procedure governs what **we** do. It cannot stop a registry from acting. - **Court orders where the registry sits.** A court in the registry's country can order it to suspend, lock or transfer a domain directly. Verisign, which runs .com and .net, is in the United States. - **Registry statuses.** A registry can set its own hold or lock on a domain (serverHold, serverTransferProhibited), which no registrar can lift. - **Registry policies.** Each registry applies its own abuse and eligibility rules. Country-code registries apply their own dispute policies. - **URS locks.** In a URS case, it is the registry that locks the domain, within 24 hours of the provider's notice. - **Our registrar partner.** Shown in the RDAP record, it keeps its own legal duties and abuse contact. A court of its own country can order it directly. The country of every registry we sell is in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). When a registry acts, we tell you what we learn and count the case in the transparency report. ## What happens during a UDRP or URS case? The domain is locked, it keeps resolving, and a panel decides. Under paragraph 4 of the UDRP Rules (complaints filed from 31 July 2015), the provider's verification request includes a request to lock the domain. The registrar confirms the lock within 2 business days and must not notify the respondent before the lock is applied. In a URS case, the registry locks the domain within 24 hours, the name keeps resolving, and the holder has 14 calendar days to respond. The complainant must prove its case by clear and convincing evidence. If it wins, the domain is suspended for the rest of its registration period. With Domain protection, our company is the registrant of record, so the complaint names it. We tell you, and you can answer it. Full details: [UDRP and URS](https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/). > **The worked cases below are illustrative** They show how the procedure applies. They describe no real customer, complainant or domain, and every name in them is invented or reserved for examples. ## Worked examples: five complaints, five outcomes **1. A fake bank login page.** A security company reports `secure-login.example` showing a copy of a bank's sign-in page, with a screenshot and the URL. Track A: the domain is suspended within 24 hours of a well-documented report, and the holder is told. The holder answers that a plugin was hacked, cleans the site and sends proof. We read the answer and decide on reinstatement in writing. **2. A copyright notice for a streaming site.** An agent for a film studio sends a DMCA-style notice about `films-online.example`. Track B: no action on the domain. We forward the notice to the holder and reply to the agent: the host, the holder, or a Panamanian court. The complaint is counted as received, not acted on. **3. A foreign judgment for a transfer.** A company wins a default judgment abroad ordering `brand-shop.example` transferred to it. Track C: refused, because no exequatur has been granted. We explain the Sala Cuarta route and article 156. If the registry sits in the court's country, the company may also go to the registry directly. **4. A UDRP complaint.** A trademark owner files a UDRP complaint against a domain with Domain protection. Track D: we lock the domain within 2 business days and confirm. The complaint names our company as registrant of record. Once the lock is applied, we tell the customer, who answers the provider. The panel decision is applied as written. **5. A production order in a fraud case.** A Panamanian prosecutor investigating a fake investment site sends an order under CPP article 338-C. Track C: we verify it with the prosecutor's office, then release what we hold for that domain. We tell the customer unless the order forbids it, and count the order separately. ## How much does a domain under this procedure cost? The procedure is included with every domain at no extra cost. A .com costs $11.99/year, the same to renew and to transfer, paid in crypto. [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) adds +$29 per year and per domain: registration in our company's name and a transfer lock on by default. The full grid of 43 extensions is on the [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## Questions about the takedown procedure ### Can a complaint alone get my domain suspended? Only in the strict exceptions. Phishing, malware, botnets, child sexual abuse material and fraud that takes money from victims are suspended on a well-documented report. Copyright, defamation, political and competitor complaints lead to no action on the domain without a decision that binds us, such as a Panamanian court decision. With Domain protection, every complaint is also read by a person before any action on the domain. ### Will I be told before my domain is suspended? You are told before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. Two cases limit notice: a court or Ministerio Público order that forbids it, and the UDRP Rules, which bar notifying the respondent before the lock is applied. For child sexual abuse material, the suspension is immediate and the notice follows. ### How fast do you act on a phishing report? Phishing leads to suspension within 24 hours of a well-documented report. The same limit applies to malware, botnets and fraud that takes money from victims. A report without enough evidence gets a request for what is missing; the time limit applies once the report is well documented. ### Do you accept DMCA takedown notices? We read them and forward them to the domain holder, but a DMCA notice alone does not lead to action on the domain. The DMCA is United States law. Panama's copyright Law 64 of 2012 contains no notice-and-takedown procedure that we could find. A Panamanian court decision is needed. See [DMCA notices](https://panamaregistrar.com/dmca-notices/). ### Can a foreign court order make you suspend my domain? Not directly. A foreign judgment must first be recognised in Panama by exequatur before the Sala Cuarta of the Supreme Court, under articles 155 to 157 of Law 61 of 2015. A court in the registry's country can still order the registry itself, without passing through us or Panama. ### How do I get a suspended domain back? Answer from the domain's verified email, quoting the reference of the notice. In track A, show that the abuse has stopped or that the report was wrong; we read your answer and reply in writing. A suspension ordered by a court ends when the court lifts it. ### Does Domain protection change the procedure? The tracks, the strict exceptions and the time limits are the same for every domain. Domain protection adds registration in our company's name, a transfer lock and minimal data, and a person reads every complaint before any action on the domain; that review exists only with the option. In a UDRP case, our company is named as registrant of record and we tell you. ### Where are the complaints counted? In the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/), published every quarter; the first one comes out in January 2027 and covers launch to 31 December 2026. It counts complaints by category (received, acted on, refused), court orders, data requests by country and outcome, UDRP and URS cases, and the median time to act. No figure exists yet. ## Sources 1. [Ley 51 de 22 de julio de 2008, comercio electrónico (arts. 87–91, intermediary liability)](https://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Ley_No_51.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 26090 (Legispan copy, Ministerio Público) (24 July 2008, checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Ley 64 de 10 de octubre de 2012, sobre Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (arts. 175–178)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2012/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27139-B_2012_10_10_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_64.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27139-B (10 October 2012, checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado (arts. 155–157)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 27885-A (8 October 2015, checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Código Penal arts. 184–185; Código Procesal Penal arts. 338-A, 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (5 August 2025, checked 2026-10-19) 5. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (§3.18.1)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 6. [2024 Global Amendments to the RAA and Registry Agreement (DNS abuse)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/global-amendment-2024-en) — ICANN (effective 5 April 2024, checked 2026-10-19) 7. [Compliance Advisory: DNS abuse obligations in the RAA and RA (§3.18.2)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/advisory-compliance-dns-abuse-obligations-raa-ra-2024-02-05-en) — ICANN (5 February 2024, checked 2026-10-19) 8. [Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (para. 4)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-rules-2015-03-11-en) — ICANN (effective 31 July 2015, checked 2026-10-19) 9. [Uniform Rapid Suspension System (URS)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/urs-2013-10-31-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) > **This is not legal advice** This page describes how PanamaRegistrar handles complaints and orders, as of 19 October 2026. It does not tell a complainant or a domain holder what their rights are in their own country. For that, ask a lawyer admitted there. --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Domain extensions: registry country and price > All 43 domain extensions sold by PanamaRegistrar, grouped by the country of their registry, with the yearly price. Paid in crypto, no KYC, October 2026. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Every extension we sell, with its yearly price and the country where its registry sits. Each extension has its own page on jurisdiction, courts and disputes. **Quick answer — Which domain extensions does PanamaRegistrar sell, and where are their registries?** **PanamaRegistrar** sells 43 domain extensions as of October 2026, from .com at $11.99/year to country codes such as .de and .ai. 16 have their registry in the United States; the others sit in the Cayman Islands, Europe, Japan, Colombia and other countries and territories. Each price is the same to register, renew and transfer; a .ai is billed 2 years at a time, transfers included. ## All extensions and their yearly price One price per extension: the first year, each renewal and a transfer cost the same. Each row links to the extension page, with its registry, its country and its rules. Extensions marked "Domain protection only" include the option in the price. | Extension | 1st year | Renewal | Transfer | WHOIS privacy | Restrictions | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | .com | $11.99 | $11.99 | $11.99 | Free | None | | .net | $12.99 | $12.99 | $12.99 | Free | None | | .org | $12.99 | $12.99 | $12.99 | Free | None | | .io | $52.99 | $52.99 | $52.99 | Free | None | | .ai | $85.49 | $85.49 | $85.49 | Free | min. 2 years · sold 2 years at a time; a transfer is billed 2 years (transfer + 1 renewal) | | .co | $31.99 | $31.99 | $31.99 | Free | None | | .app | $15.49 | $15.49 | $15.49 | Free | HTTPS required | | .dev | $12.99 | $12.99 | $12.99 | Free | HTTPS required | | .xyz | $11.99 | $11.99 | $11.99 | Free | None | | .info | $20.99 | $20.99 | $20.99 | Free | None | | .me | $18.49 | $18.49 | $18.49 | Free | None | | .de (Domain protection only) | $36.99 | $36.99 | $36.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .uk (Domain protection only) | $38.49 | $38.49 | $38.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .online | $31.49 | $31.49 | $31.49 | Free | None | | .shop | $33.49 | $33.49 | $33.49 | Free | None | | .store | $55.49 | $55.49 | $55.49 | Free | None | | .tech | $51.99 | $51.99 | $51.99 | Free | None | | .nl (Domain protection only) | $37.99 | $37.99 | $37.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .biz | $20.99 | $20.99 | $20.99 | Free | None | | .tv | $40.99 | $40.99 | $40.99 | Free | None | | .cc (Domain protection only) | $43.99 | $43.99 | $43.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .gg | $83.49 | $83.49 | $83.49 | Free | None | | .to (Domain protection only) | $86.49 | $86.49 | $86.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .ch (Domain protection only) | $41.49 | $41.49 | $41.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .pl (Domain protection only) | $43.49 | $43.49 | $43.49 | Our details, not yours | None | | .be (Domain protection only) | $38.99 | $38.99 | $38.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .at (Domain protection only) | $44.99 | $44.99 | $44.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .cloud | $22.99 | $22.99 | $22.99 | Free | None | | .club | $18.99 | $18.99 | $18.99 | Free | None | | .live | $29.99 | $29.99 | $29.99 | Free | None | | .pro | $20.99 | $20.99 | $20.99 | Free | None | | .blog | $28.49 | $28.49 | $28.49 | Free | None | | .art | $18.49 | $18.49 | $18.49 | Free | None | | .digital | $34.99 | $34.99 | $34.99 | Free | None | | .link | $11.99 | $11.99 | $11.99 | Free | None | | .email | $27.99 | $27.99 | $27.99 | Free | None | | .media | $35.99 | $35.99 | $35.99 | Free | None | | .news | $30.99 | $30.99 | $30.99 | Free | None | | .cz (Domain protection only) | $43.99 | $43.99 | $43.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .nz (Domain protection only) | $49.99 | $49.99 | $49.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .fi (Domain protection only) | $46.99 | $46.99 | $46.99 | Our details, not yours | None | | .pw | $22.49 | $22.49 | $22.49 | Free | None | | .vc | $43.49 | $43.49 | $43.49 | Free | None | *43 extensions · prices per year in USD* **[Domain protection only](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/)**: sold only with Domain protection (registered in our company's name), because the registry requires a name and postal address; it receives those of DomaineGoat LLC, never yours. The price shown includes the $29/year for it. ## Why group extensions by registry country? Because the registry, not the registrar, holds the authoritative record of a domain, and a court with authority over the registry can order it to act. PanamaRegistrar acts on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints; that rule covers what our service does. The registry of each extension applies the law of its own country. The groups below follow the address IANA lists for each registry manager, checked on 19 October 2026. The full table, with back-end operators and dispute policies, is the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). ## Which extensions have their registry in the United States? 16 extensions. Verisign in Reston, Virginia runs .com and .net; Public Interest Registry, also in Reston, runs .org. Identity Digital entities in Bellevue, Washington hold .info, .pro, .live, .digital, .media, .news and .email. GoDaddy Registry in Tempe, Arizona holds .biz and .club. Google's registry company in Mountain View, California holds .app and .dev. United States courts have authority over all of them, and 15 U.S.C. §1125(d)(2) lets a trademark owner sue a domain itself in the registry's district. - [.com](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/com/): VeriSign Global Registry Services, Reston, Virginia — $11.99/year - [.net](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/net/): VeriSign Global Registry Services, Reston, Virginia — $12.99/year - [.org](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/org/): Public Interest Registry (PIR), Reston, Virginia — $12.99/year - [.info](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/info/): Identity Digital Limited, Bellevue, Washington — $20.99/year - [.biz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/biz/): Registry Services, LLC (GoDaddy Registry), Tempe, Arizona — $20.99/year - [.pro](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pro/): Identity Digital Limited, Bellevue, Washington — $20.99/year - [.app](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/app/): Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google Registry), Mountain View, California — $15.49/year - [.dev](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/dev/): Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google Registry), Mountain View, California — $12.99/year - [.xyz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/xyz/): XYZ.COM LLC, Las Vegas, Nevada — $11.99/year - [.blog](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/blog/): Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC (Automattic), San Francisco, California — $28.49/year - [.club](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/club/): Registry Services, LLC (GoDaddy Registry), Tempe, Arizona — $18.99/year - [.live](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/live/): Dog Beach, LLC (Identity Digital), Bellevue, Washington — $29.99/year - [.digital](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/digital/): Binky Moon, LLC (Identity Digital), Bellevue, Washington — $34.99/year - [.media](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/media/): Binky Moon, LLC (Identity Digital), Bellevue, Washington — $35.99/year - [.news](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/news/): Dog Beach, LLC (Identity Digital), Bellevue, Washington — $30.99/year - [.email](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/email/): Binky Moon, LLC (Identity Digital), Bellevue, Washington — $27.99/year ## Which extensions have their registry in the Cayman Islands? Three extensions, all from Radix, whose registry companies are registered at a corporate address in Grand Cayman. Their database is operated by Tucows in Toronto, Canada, so Canadian courts matter for the operator. As generic extensions, they remain under ICANN policies, including the UDRP and the URS. - [.online](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/online/): Radix Technologies Inc. SEZC, Grand Cayman — $31.49/year - [.store](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/store/): Radix Technologies Inc., Grand Cayman — $55.49/year - [.tech](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/tech/): Radix Technologies Inc., Grand Cayman — $51.99/year ## Which extensions have their registry in Europe? Twelve extensions. Nine are national country codes run under national law: DENIC for Germany, Nominet for the United Kingdom, SIDN for the Netherlands, SWITCH for Switzerland, NASK for Poland, DNS Belgium, nic.at for Austria, CZ.NIC for Czechia and Traficom for Finland. All nine are sold with [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) only, because their registries need a holder name and a postal address. Three are generic extensions held by European companies: .cloud in Italy, .link in Malta and .art in the Isle of Man. - [.de](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/de/): DENIC eG, Frankfurt am Main — $36.99/year - [.uk](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/uk/): Nominet UK, Oxford — $38.49/year - [.nl](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/nl/): SIDN (Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland), Arnhem — $37.99/year - [.ch](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ch/): SWITCH The Swiss Education & Research Network, Zurich — $41.49/year - [.pl](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pl/): Research and Academic Computer Network (NASK), Warsaw — $43.49/year - [.be](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/be/): DNS Belgium vzw/asbl, Leuven — $38.99/year - [.at](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/at/): nic.at GmbH, Salzburg — $44.99/year - [.cz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cz/): CZ.NIC, z.s.p.o., Prague — $43.99/year - [.fi](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/fi/): Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom, Helsinki — $46.99/year - [.cloud](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cloud/): ARUBA PEC S.p.A., Ponte San Pietro (Bergamo) — $22.99/year - [.link](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/link/): Nova Registry Ltd., Valletta — $11.99/year - [.art](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/art/): UK Creative Ideas Limited, Douglas, Isle of Man — $18.49/year ## Which country codes have their registry elsewhere? Most of the remaining country codes belong to small states and territories, often run by a company abroad. The .nz registry of New Zealand is the exception, run by InternetNZ in Wellington. .tv (Tuvalu) and .cc (Cocos Islands) use United States back ends, GoDaddy Registry and Verisign. .io is managed for the British Indian Ocean Territory from the United Kingdom. .co is Colombia's, operated by CentralNic in London. .to lists a contact address in California for the Government of Tonga. .shop, a generic extension, is the only one with its registry in Asia, at GMO Registry in Tokyo. - [.io](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/io/): Internet Computer Bureau Limited, Diego Garcia — $52.99/year - [.ai](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ai/): Government of Anguilla, The Valley — $85.49/year - [.co](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/co/): Ministry of Information and Communications Technologies (MinTIC), Bogotá — $31.99/year - [.me](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/me/): Government of Montenegro, Podgorica — $18.49/year - [.tv](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/tv/): Ministry of Transport, Energy, Communications and Innovations, Funafuti — $40.99/year - [.gg](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/gg/): Island Networks Ltd., Alderney — $83.49/year - [.pw](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pw/): Micronesia Investment and Development Corporation, Koror — $22.49/year - [.vc](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/vc/): Ministry of Telecommunications, Science, Technology and Industry, Kingstown — $43.49/year - [.cc](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cc/): eNIC Cocos (Keeling) Islands Pty. Ltd. (Island Internet Services), Melbourne — $43.99/year - [.to](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/to/): Government of the Kingdom of Tonga, c/o Consulate of Tonga, Burlingame, California — $86.49/year - [.nz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/nz/): InternetNZ, Wellington — $49.99/year - [.shop](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/shop/): GMO Registry, Inc., Shibuya, Tokyo — $33.49/year ## How are extension prices set at PanamaRegistrar? Each extension has one price per year, the same for registration, renewal and transfer, as of October 2026. A transfer of a generic extension adds one year; for a country code, it depends on the registry. The 12 extensions sold with Domain protection only (.de, .uk, .nl, .cc, .to, .ch, .pl, .be, .at, .cz, .nz, .fi) show a price that already includes the option, +$29 per year. On the others, Domain protection is optional at the same yearly price. .ai is registered for a minimum of 2 years. You pay in crypto (BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC) from a prepaid balance, with a minimum top-up of $25. The [price list](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/) shows the same grid with payment details. ## Every extension page Registry, country, courts, disputes and price for each extension. - [.com](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/com/) - [.net](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/net/) - [.org](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/org/) - [.io](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/io/) - [.ai](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ai/) - [.co](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/co/) - [.app](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/app/) - [.dev](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/dev/) - [.xyz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/xyz/) - [.info](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/info/) - [.me](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/me/) - [.de](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/de/) - [.uk](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/uk/) - [.online](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/online/) - [.shop](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/shop/) - [.store](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/store/) - [.tech](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/tech/) - [.nl](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/nl/) - [.biz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/biz/) - [.tv](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/tv/) - [.cc](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cc/) - [.gg](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/gg/) - [.to](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/to/) - [.ch](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/ch/) - [.pl](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pl/) - [.be](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/be/) - [.at](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/at/) - [.cloud](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cloud/) - [.club](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/club/) - [.live](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/live/) - [.pro](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pro/) - [.blog](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/blog/) - [.art](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/art/) - [.digital](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/digital/) - [.link](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/link/) - [.email](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/email/) - [.media](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/media/) - [.news](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/news/) - [.cz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/cz/) - [.nz](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/nz/) - [.fi](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/fi/) - [.pw](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/pw/) - [.vc](https://panamaregistrar.com/tld/vc/) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # Transparency report: complaints, orders and data requests > PanamaRegistrar transparency report: first edition January 2027, then every quarter. 18 categories of complaints, orders and data requests. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) No figures exist yet. This page publishes the template the first report will fill in, the counting rules, and how the format lines up with ICANN's own statistics. **Quick answer — What does the PanamaRegistrar transparency report contain?** The **PanamaRegistrar** transparency report has no figures yet, as of October 2026. The first report is due January 2027 and covers launch to 31 December 2026. Reports then come out every quarter. Each one counts complaints, court orders, data requests and suspensions in 18 fixed categories, shown below as an empty template. ## Report status | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Figures published so far | None: the first period is not over | | First report | January 2027 | | Period covered | launch to 31 December 2026 | | Cadence | every quarter | | Categories | 18 counted categories, plus timing and reputation measures | | Outcomes | Received, acted on, refused, and for data requests: approved, partially approved, denied | | Identifying details | None: no domain names, no customer or complainant names | ## Why does the report have no numbers yet? Because the first reporting period ends on 31 December 2026, and a number before then would be a guess. The first report covers launch to 31 December 2026. It will be published January 2027, after the period is closed and each entry is checked against the written record. Every complaint, order and request already received is logged with its reference number, so nothing needs to be reconstructed. We publish the template now so that the categories are fixed before any figure exists. A category cannot be dropped later because its number looks bad. ## What will each report count? The template of the first report. Every cell is empty until January 2027. "Acted on" means any action on a domain or any release of data; "refused" means none. | Category | Received | Acted on | Refused | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1. Copyright complaints, including DMCA notices | — | — | — | | 2. Defamation complaints | — | — | — | | 3. Privacy and personal data complaints | — | — | — | | 4. Political or government content complaints | — | — | — | | 5. Competitor complaints | — | — | — | | 6. Impersonation complaints without fraud | — | — | — | | 7. Phishing and pharming reports | — | — | — | | 8. Malware and botnet reports | — | — | — | | 9. Fraud reports (money taken from victims) | — | — | — | | 10. Child sexual abuse material reports | — | — | — | | 11. Spam reports | — | — | — | | 12. Panamanian court orders | — | — | — | | 13. Ministerio Público orders (Code of Criminal Procedure arts. 338-A, 338-C) | — | — | — | | 14. Foreign judgments recognised in Panama by exequatur | — | — | — | | 15. Foreign requests without Panamanian legal process | — | 0 by rule | — | | 16. Urgent requests (threat to life, serious injury, child abuse material) | — | — | — | | 17. UDRP and URS cases (counted separately) | — | — | — | | 18. Suspensions under the strict exceptions (total) | — | — | — | Category 15 is refused by policy: a foreign court, police force, lawyer or government reaches us through Panamanian legal process only. The count shows how often that rule applied. ## How will speed and abuse levels be measured? Four measures sit beside the counts. They show whether the strict exceptions are applied in time, and whether abuse concentrates on our domains. | Measure | Definition | First value | | --- | --- | --- | | Median time to act: phishing, malware, fraud | From a well-documented report to suspension; our commitment is within 24 hours of a well-documented report | January 2027 | | Median time to act: child sexual abuse material | From the report to suspension; our commitment is immediately, and the URLs are reported to NCMEC | January 2027 | | Domains listed by Spamhaus DBL | Our domains on the Spamhaus Domain Blocklist at the end of the period | January 2027 | | Abuse ratio, Domain Metrica method | ICANN publishes this ratio per accredited registrar, so it covers every customer of our registrar partner. We give the same measure for the domains registered through PanamaRegistrar, from the same public block lists | January 2027 | ## How will data requests be reported? Data requests get their own table, by country of origin and outcome. The outcomes are the three that ICANN used for its own disclosure statistics. | Country of origin | Requests | Approved | Partially approved | Denied | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Panama | — | — | — | — | | Each other country, one row per country | — | — | — | — | | Total | — | — | — | — | ## How are the figures counted? Each figure follows written rules, applied the same way in every report. - **Unit.** One complaint, order or request is one entry, even if it names several domains. The number of domains concerned is given beside it. - **Duplicates.** The same complaint sent twice by the same sender is one entry. - **Category.** A message is counted under the category we used to decide on it. A copyright notice that also shows phishing is counted under phishing. - **Outcome.** An entry still open on the last day of the period is shown as pending and counted again when it closes. - **Orders.** Panamanian court orders, Ministerio Público orders and recognised foreign judgments are counted separately. Our rule for all three: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. - **Confidential orders.** An order with a confidentiality duty, such as a preservation order under art. 338-A, appears in the totals only. - **Time to act.** Measured from the time a well-documented report reaches us to the time of suspension. A report completed later is measured from the evidence that made it complete. Published reports are not edited afterwards. A correction appears in the next report, with the reason. ## How does this compare with ICANN's RDRS statistics? Our data-request table uses the same outcomes as ICANN's Registration Data Request Service (RDRS), so the two can be read side by side. The RDRS was a two-year ICANN pilot, from 28 November 2023 to 30 November 2025. According to ICANN's review of 3 March 2026, it received over 3,700 disclosure requests covering more than 40,400 domain names. Intellectual property accounted for 32 % of requests and law enforcement for 16 %. Requests were 26 % approved, 55 % denied, and 19 % partially approved or already public. The RDRS covered requests passed to participating registrars. Our report also covers complaints, court orders and suspensions. Those have no ICANN-wide equivalent. ## RDRS pilot figures and our first report | Measure | ICANN RDRS pilot (Nov 2023 – Nov 2025) | PanamaRegistrar | | --- | --- | --- | | Disclosure requests | Over 3,700 | First figures January 2027 | | Share from intellectual property requesters | 32 % | First figures January 2027 | | Share from law enforcement | 16 % | First figures January 2027 | | Approved | 26 % | First figures January 2027 | | Partially approved or already public | 19 % | First figures January 2027 | | Denied | 55 % | First figures January 2027 | *Prices checked on October 19, 2026.* ## Why include Spamhaus and ICANN Domain Metrica figures? Because they come from public reputation data that we do not control. ICANN and Spamhaus publish them per accredited registrar; ours is a share of our registrar partner's figures, so we compute the same ratio on our own domains, from the same lists. ICANN opened Domain Metrica to all users on 18 February 2025. It shows how abuse concentrates by registrar and by registry, using reputation block lists for phishing, malware and botnet command-and-control. Spam was left out at launch. Spamhaus publishes registrar rankings by the **ratio** of abused domains, not by volume. A high ratio harms every customer of a registrar: email from its domains is filtered more often. Publishing the figure each quarter shows whether the strict exceptions work. For context, ICANN reported 192 investigations and more than 2,700 suspended domains in the first six months of the 2024 DNS abuse rules. ## What will never appear in the report? No domain names, no customer emails, no account numbers and no names of complainants or authorities below country level. The report counts how our procedure was used; it does not publish the cases. A complainant or a holder who wants the outcome of a specific case receives it directly, by email. The procedure itself is described on [how we handle complaints](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/), [court orders](https://panamaregistrar.com/court-orders/) and [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). Domain prices, which the report does not cover, are on the [pricing page](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## Transparency report: questions ### When is the first PanamaRegistrar transparency report published? January 2027. It covers launch to 31 December 2026, and later reports follow every quarter. Until then this page shows the empty template, so that the categories and counting rules are public before any figure exists. No number appears anywhere on this site before that date. ### Will refused requests be counted? Yes. Every category has a refused column, and foreign requests without Panamanian legal process have a category of their own. Copyright, defamation and political complaints that did not lead to action are counted as refused. The count shows how often the rule of no takedown on a complaint alone was applied. ### Are Ministerio Público orders counted as court orders? No, they are counted separately. A Ministerio Público preservation or production order under arts. 338-A or 338-C of the Code of Criminal Procedure binds us under Panamanian law. It is not a court decision, so it has its own row. Foreign judgments recognised by exequatur also have their own row. ### Why compare with ICANN's RDRS? Because it is the largest public dataset on registration data requests. The RDRS pilot logged over 3,700 requests, 26 % approved and 55 % denied, according to ICANN. Using the same outcome categories lets readers compare our approval rate with the industry pilot once our figures exist. ### Can I check the figures? The reputation measures can be checked by anyone: ICANN Domain Metrica is open to all users, and Spamhaus publishes registrar rankings by ratio. The counts come from our written record, in which every entry has a reference number. A complainant can check that their own case appears in the right category. ### Does the report show urgent requests? Yes, in category 16: requests about an imminent threat to life, serious bodily injury or child abuse material. They are handled first; the data we hold still leaves us only on a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order. ## Sources 1. [ICANN's RDRS two-year pilot: what we learned and where we go next](https://www.icann.org/en/blogs/details/icanns-rdrs-two-year-pilot-what-we-learned-and-where-we-go-next-03-03-2026-en) — ICANN (3 March 2026) 2. [ICANN Domain Metrica release update: access now open to all users](https://www.icann.org/en/blogs/details/icann-domain-metrica-release-update-access-now-open-to-all-users-18-02-2025-en) — ICANN (18 February 2025) 3. [More domain stats: the 10 most abused registrars](https://submit.spamhaus.org/resources/more-domain-stats-the-10-most-abused-registrars/) — Spamhaus (checked 2026-10-19) 4. [ICANN's DNS abuse mitigation program: key updates from 2024](https://www.icann.org/en/blogs/details/icanns-dns-abuse-mitigation-program-key-updates-from-2024-10-12-2024-en) — ICANN (10 December 2024) 5. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Code of Criminal Procedure arts. 338-A, 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (5 August 2025) 6. [Ley 61 de 7 de octubre de 2015, Código de Derecho Internacional Privado (arts. 155–157)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2010/2015/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_27885-A_2015_10_8_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_61.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional de Panamá (Legispan) (checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # UDRP and URS at a Panama registrar: lock, notice, decision > UDRP and URS at PanamaRegistrar: lock within 2 business days, URS registry lock in 24 hours, 14 days to answer, 10 business days to go to court. Each step. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/udrp-and-urs/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Trademark disputes over a domain name follow ICANN's procedures, not our complaint track. These are the deadlines, what we send, and when you hear from us. **Quick answer — How does PanamaRegistrar handle UDRP and URS complaints?** **PanamaRegistrar** applies the UDRP and the URS as ICANN requires of every registrar, as of October 2026. For a UDRP complaint, we lock the domain within 2 business days of the provider's request and tell the holder once the lock is on. Under the URS, the registry locks within 24 hours and the holder has 14 days to respond. ## UDRP and URS deadlines | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | UDRP lock | Within 2 business days of the provider's verification request (UDRP Rules, para. 4(b)) | | Notice to the holder | After the lock is applied, never before (UDRP Rules, para. 4(b)); then before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it | | UDRP response | 20 days from the start of the proceeding | | UDRP decision applied | After a 10 business day wait for a court filing (UDRP Policy, para. 4(k)) | | URS lock | By the registry, within 24 hours of the URS provider's notice (URS Procedure 4.1) | | URS response | 14 calendar days from the notice of complaint (URS Procedure 5.1) | | URS standard and remedy | "Clear and convincing evidence"; suspension for the rest of the registration period | | Country-code domains | The registry's own dispute policy applies | ## What are the UDRP and the URS? They are ICANN's two procedures for trademark disputes over a domain name, decided by panels outside any court. The **Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP)** applies to generic extensions such as .com, .net and .org. A panel can order the domain transferred or cancelled. The procedural Rules in force apply to complaints filed since 31 July 2015. The **Uniform Rapid Suspension System (URS)** applies to the newer generic extensions, such as .app, .xyz or .shop. It is faster and narrower. The only remedy is suspension, and the complainant must meet a higher burden of proof. Both apply to our domains through the ICANN accreditation of our registrar partner. They are the one route by which a complaint about a name, rather than a court order, changes a registration. Content complaints follow a different [complaint procedure](https://panamaregistrar.com/complaints/). ## How fast is a domain locked after a UDRP complaint? Within 2 business days of the provider's verification request. Paragraph 4(b) of the UDRP Rules sets that deadline, and the request itself asks for the lock (para. 4(a)). The Rules define the lock narrowly. It prevents changes to the registrant and registrar information. It does not stop the domain from resolving, and it does not stop a renewal. Your website and email keep working. Two other limits apply during the case. Under paragraph 8(a) of the Policy, the domain cannot move to a new holder while the case is pending. The bar lasts until 15 business days after it ends. A transfer to another registrar is also blocked while the lock is on. ## What do we give the dispute provider? We confirm the lock and the registrant details we hold, and nothing beyond what the Rules require. - **Standard registration.** You are the registrant of record. The provider receives your registrant record, including the verified email of the domain. - **With Domain protection.** DomaineGoat LLC is the registrant of record. The provider receives our company's details, as for any registrant. Your own data is released only under our [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/) rule. Everything we send is logged and counted in the [transparency report](https://panamaregistrar.com/transparency/). ## When is the domain holder told? As soon as the lock is on. The UDRP Rules forbid the registrar to notify the respondent before the lock is applied (para. 4(b)), so the order is fixed. Our message goes to the verified email of the domain. It contains the complaint we received, the provider's name and case reference, and the response deadline. The provider also notifies the respondent formally. Under the URS, the provider sends the notice of complaint within 24 hours of the registry lock (URS Procedure 4.2). It also notifies the registrar of record (4.4), our registrar partner, which passes it to us. We forward it to you before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. ## How does a dispute work when Domain protection is on? The complaint names our company, and we pass it to you, the beneficial owner, who can answer it. With [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/), DomaineGoat LLC is the registrant of record. The registry and WHOIS/RDAP show our company, so a complainant files against it. We forward the full complaint and every later filing to your verified email. You decide whether to defend the domain, and you write the answer. The decision will name our company as the respondent of record. One practical limit: the lock blocks changes to registrant data. A domain cannot be put back in your own name while the case is open. Ask for that before any dispute, if you want it. The option costs +$29 per year and per domain, listed with every extension on the [pricing page](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## How is the panel's decision applied? We apply it after the waiting period, unless you show us that you have gone to court. The provider sends us the decision. We then tell the parties, the provider and ICANN the date on which we will implement it, within 3 business days. If the panel orders a transfer or a cancellation, paragraph 4(k) of the Policy makes us wait 10 business days. After that wait, a transfer goes to the complainant's registrar and a cancellation deletes the registration. If the complaint is denied, the lock is released and the domain is yours as before. Under the URS, the registry suspends the domain for the rest of its registration period (URS Procedure 10.2). The complainant may extend it by one year at commercial rates (10.3). ## How can a UDRP or URS decision be challenged? By a court action for the UDRP, and by an appeal or a late response for the URS. - **UDRP.** Paragraph 4(k) lets either party take the dispute to a court of competent jurisdiction. You may send us official proof within the 10 business days, such as a file-stamped copy of a complaint against the complainant. We then do not implement the decision. It waits for a settlement, a dismissal or a court ruling. - **URS appeal.** Either party can seek a de novo appeal on the existing record (URS Procedure 12.1). It must be filed within 14 days of the determination (12.4). - **URS default.** A holder who did not respond can still file a response for up to six months after the notice of default. A six-month extension can be requested (6.4). Filing a URS appeal does not change where the domain points while it runs (12.3). ## UDRP or URS: what differs? | | UDRP | URS | | --- | --- | --- | | Extensions | Generic extensions (.com, .net, .org …) | Newer generic extensions | | Who locks | The registrar of record (our partner, at our request) | The registry | | Lock deadline | 2 business days | 24 hours | | Time to respond | 20 days | 14 calendar days | | Burden of proof | The three elements of the Policy | Clear and convincing evidence | | Remedy | Transfer or cancellation | Suspension for the rest of the term | | Challenge | Court action; decision held if filed within 10 business days | De novo appeal within 14 days; late response up to 6 months after default | ## What about country-code domains such as .io or .de? They follow their registry's own dispute policy, not the UDRP or URS by default. ICANN states that its URS processes do not apply to any country-code extension, naming .us, .de and .uk as examples. Some country-code registries have adopted the UDRP; others run their own procedure or leave disputes to national courts. We follow the lock and decision steps of the registry's policy. Each registry applies the law of its own country, listed in the [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/). The 12 extensions sold with Domain protection only (.de, .uk, .nl, .cc, .to, .ch, .pl, .be, .at, .cz, .nz, .fi) are all country-code extensions. A dispute over one of them names our company, as registrant of record. ## UDRP and URS: questions ### Does a UDRP complaint take my website offline? No. The UDRP lock blocks changes to the registrant and registrar data, but it does not affect the domain's resolution or its renewal. The website and email keep working while the case runs. Only a URS determination suspends the domain, and only once the examiner rules for the complainant. ### Will you warn me before you lock the domain? No. The UDRP Rules, paragraph 4(b), forbid the registrar to notify the respondent before the lock is applied. We lock within 2 business days of the provider's request and write to the domain's verified email straight after. The provider also sends you a formal notice. ### Can I move the domain to another registrar during a UDRP case? No. The lock prevents changes to registrar and registrant data while the case is pending. Paragraph 8(a) of the Policy also bars a transfer to a new holder until 15 business days after the case ends. Once the case is closed and the lock is released, your transfer code is free, from your account, at any time, except in the 60 days after a registration or a transfer (ICANN Transfer Policy) and while a UDRP or court lock applies. ### How long do I have to go to court after a UDRP loss? 10 business days from the moment we are told of the decision. Paragraph 4(k) of the Policy says we wait that long before a transfer or cancellation. Send us official proof, such as a file-stamped copy of your court complaint, within that period. We then hold the decision until the case is settled, dismissed or decided. ### Who answers a UDRP complaint against a domain with Domain protection? You do, if you choose to. The complaint names DomaineGoat LLC, the registrant of record, and we forward it to your verified email at once. You decide whether to answer, and what to say. The decision names our company, and we apply it like any other. ### Does the UDRP apply to Panama law at all? The UDRP is a contract-based procedure. Every registrant of a generic extension accepts it through the registration agreement, and every accredited registrar must apply it. It sits beside national law: a court in a competent country can still hear the dispute, before or after the panel. ## Sources 1. [Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (paras. 3, 4(k), 7, 8)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/policy-2024-02-21-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (complaints filed on or after 31 July 2015)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-rules-2015-03-11-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Uniform Rapid Suspension System (URS) Procedure (sections 4, 5, 6.4, 8.2, 10, 12)](https://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/urs/procedure-01mar13-en.pdf) — ICANN (1 March 2013) 4. [Uniform Rapid Suspension (URS): ICANN Compliance page](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/urs-2013-10-31-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 5. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints. --- # What data PanamaRegistrar holds about you, item by item > What PanamaRegistrar holds about you: 1 verified email per domain, an account number, domains, balance, payments. No ID, no KYC. Who else has a copy. - URL: https://panamaregistrar.com/what-we-hold/ - Last updated: 2026-10-19 - Publisher: PanamaRegistrar (https://panamaregistrar.com) Every item we keep, why we keep it, who else has a copy, and who can obtain it. The short version: one email per domain as contact data, and it leaves us only by the routes written here. **Quick answer — What data does PanamaRegistrar hold about its customers?** **PanamaRegistrar** holds 1 verified email per domain, a random account number, your domains and DNS settings and your balance, as of October 2026. It also records the amount, coin and network of each payment. The email is the only contact data we collect. We release it only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. ## What we hold, in short | Attribute | Value | | --- | --- | | Identity documents | None: no ID, no selfie, no ID number | | Name, phone, postal address | Not collected: the email is the only contact data | | Email | One per domain, required, verified within 15 days as ICANN rules require, never published | | Account | A random account number that we generate | | Payments | Amount, coin and network of each crypto top-up; no wallet address book | | Registry copy | Each registry keeps its own copy, under its own country's law; .com and .net registries hold no contact data | | Registrar partner | Our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in RDAP, keeps the registration record under its own rules | | Disclosure | Only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case; see [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/) | | Your rights | Constitution art. 42; Law 81 of 2019, supervised by ANTAI | ## What do we hold, item by item? Each row is one item. "Our records" means the records of DomaineGoat LLC, the company incorporated in Panama that operates PanamaRegistrar. | Item | Collected? | Why | Where it is kept | Who else has a copy | Who can obtain it | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Verified email, one per domain | Yes, required | ICANN rules require verification within 15 days; renewal and complaint notices; relayed messages | Our records | Our registrar partner and its ICANN escrow agent; a registry that holds registrant data (not .com or .net, and not with Domain protection) | A Panamanian court or prosecutor's order; a UDRP or URS provider if you are registrant of record | | Account number | Yes, generated at random | Identifies your account | Our records | No one | A Panamanian court or prosecutor's order | | Domains, nameservers, DNS records | Yes | Runs the service | Our records; our registrar partner and the registry for domains and nameservers | Our registrar partner and the registry; published DNS records are public by nature | Anyone for public DNS; the rest as above | | Balance and orders | Yes | Pays for registrations, renewals and transfers | Our records | No one | A Panamanian court or prosecutor's order | | Payment amount, coin, network | Yes | Credits the top-up and keeps accounts | Our records | The transaction itself sits on a public blockchain | A Panamanian court or prosecutor's order | | Wallet address book | No | — | — | — | — | | ID document, selfie, ID number | No | — | — | — | — | | Name, phone number, postal address | No: the email is the only contact data | — | — | — | — | | Messages, complaints, orders and our answers | Yes | The written record of our procedure | Our records | The sender keeps their own copy; complaints are forwarded to the holder | A Panamanian court or prosecutor's order; counted, not published, in the transparency report | ## Why do you need an email address at all? Because ICANN rules require the registrant's contact to be verified within 15 days of a registration, a transfer or a change. Our accredited registrar partner applies that rule to every domain, so the email is required. A domain whose email is not confirmed in time can be suspended until it is. The email has three other uses. It receives renewal notices. It receives every complaint about the domain, before any action on your domain, unless the law or the court order forbids it. And messages sent to the public privacy contact are forwarded to your verified email; spam and bulk mail are not forwarded. The email is never published in WHOIS/RDAP. You can use a different address for each domain. It is the only contact data we collect: see [no-KYC domain registration](https://panamaregistrar.com/no-kyc-domain-registration/). ## What does a crypto payment reveal? We keep the amount, the coin and the network of each top-up, and nothing that identifies a person. We do not ask for your wallet addresses and do not keep a book of them. A blockchain is public by design, though. Anyone who knows a transaction can see its amount and the addresses involved, on the chain itself. That is a property of the coin, not of our records. Coins accepted: BTC, USDT, USDC, ETH, SOL, LTC. Minimum top-up: $25. Prices per extension are on the [pricing page](https://panamaregistrar.com/pricing/). ## What does the registry hold in each case? The registry is a separate company in its own country. It keeps its own copy of the registration and answers to its own courts. | Case | Registrant of record | What the registry receives | Public WHOIS/RDAP | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Standard registration, thick registry (.org, .io…) | You | Your registrant record, built from your verified email, under the registry's policy | Our privacy entry where the extension allows it, free; what stays public depends on the registry | | Standard registration, .com or .net | You | No contact data: Verisign runs thin registries | The registrar, the nameservers, the status and the dates | | With Domain protection | DomaineGoat LLC | Our company's details; your email is not sent | DomaineGoat LLC | | Registries that need a name and postal address (.de, .uk, .nl, .cc, .to, .ch, .pl, .be, .at, .cz, .nz, .fi) | DomaineGoat LLC, as these are sold with Domain protection only | Our company's name and postal address | Under the registry's own rules; never your details | ## Who else keeps a copy of my data? Four parties besides us can hold registration data, each under its own rules. - **Our registrar partner.** Domains are registered through our ICANN-accredited registrar partner, shown in the RDAP record of each domain. It keeps the registration record and its own legal duties and abuse contact, and it answers to the courts of its own country. - **The escrow agent.** Every accredited registrar, our partner included, deposits registration data of generic domains with an escrow agent approved by ICANN. The deposit lets another registrar take over the domains if a registrar stops operating. - **The registry.** Each registry keeps the registration under the law of its own country. Thick registries such as .org (Public Interest Registry, United States) or .io (Identity Digital) hold the registrant record. The .com and .net registries (Verisign, United States) are thin: they receive no registrant contact data. The [registry jurisdiction index](https://panamaregistrar.com/registry-jurisdiction/) lists every country. - **Our hosting provider.** Our own records sit on servers we rent; we do not name the provider. The authorities of the country where those servers are can act on that provider under its own law, without going through us. ICANN can also audit our registrar partner under the Registrar Accreditation Agreement. With [Domain protection](https://panamaregistrar.com/domain-protection/) (+$29 per year and per domain), the registry holds our company's details instead of yours, and the only item about you behind the registration is the verified email. ## Who can make you hand over my data? Our rule fits in one sentence: We release the data we hold only when Panamanian law requires it (a Panamanian court or prosecutor's order), or in a UDRP case. In detail, the routes are: 1. a Panamanian court order; 2. a prosecutor's order: a Ministerio Público preservation or production order under arts. 338-A and 338-C of the Code of Criminal Procedure, added by Law 478 of 2025; 3. a UDRP or URS provider, which receives the registrant details of record for the disputed domain. Foreign courts, police forces, lawyers and companies go through Panamanian legal process first. Article 24 of Law 81 of 2019 obliges us to answer competent judicial authorities, and it never admits bulk requests. Your messages to us are private correspondence too. Article 29 of the Constitution lets private documents be examined or retained only by order of a competent authority. Our rule: we confirm every order with the court or prosecutor's office that issued it, through its official contact details, before acting. Details: [data disclosure](https://panamaregistrar.com/data-disclosure/). ## How long do you keep my data? As long as the domain is registered with us, and for the period ICANN rules require after that. - **Email and domain records:** while the domain is with us, then for the period set by ICANN rules. - **Complaints, orders and our answers:** as long as the decision they relate to can be challenged, so that the procedure can be checked. - **Support messages** that concern no complaint or order: deleted when they are no longer needed for the service. These periods are those of our [privacy policy](https://panamaregistrar.com/legal/privacy/). Panama's telecom data-retention law, Law 51 of 2009, sets six months for telephony operators, internet cafés and similar providers. It does not name domain registrars. ## What are my rights over this data? Article 42 of the Constitution of Panama gives you the right to access, correct, protect and delete your personal data. It also says personal data may be collected only with your consent or by order of a competent authority. Law 81 of 2019, in force since 29 March 2021, organises these rights. The national transparency authority, ANTAI, decides when data is inaccurate (art. 17), hears complaints (art. 18) and imposes sanctions (art. 36). Article 44 of the Constitution adds the habeas data action before the courts. It covers private registers of businesses that serve the public. To use these rights, write to support@panamaregistrar.com from the verified email of the domain. Data that ICANN rules oblige us to keep for a set period cannot be deleted before it ends. An active domain always needs one verified email. ## What we hold: questions ### Does PanamaRegistrar know my real name? Not from us asking. The only contact data we collect is one verified email per domain, which ICANN rules require; we never ask for a name, a postal address, a phone number or an identity document. If you use your name in that email address, we hold it in that form. ### Can a foreign government get my email from you? Not directly. A foreign authority goes through Panamanian legal process first: a judgment recognised by exequatur, or a request that becomes a Panamanian order. Our registrar partner and the registry of your extension answer to the courts of their own countries. ### Is my email in the public WHOIS? No. Where the extension allows privacy, the public WHOIS/RDAP shows our privacy contact, free; what stays public depends on each registry. Messages to that contact are forwarded to your verified email; spam and bulk mail are not forwarded. With Domain protection, WHOIS shows DomaineGoat LLC. On the 12 extensions sold only with Domain protection, the registry never receives your details. ### Do you keep my wallet addresses? No. We record the amount, the coin and the network of each top-up to credit your balance, and keep no book of wallet addresses. A blockchain is public, so the transaction can be seen on the chain by anyone who knows it. That visibility comes from the coin, not from our records. ### Can I delete my data? Yes, within the limits of ICANN rules. Article 42 of the Constitution and Law 81 of 2019 give you the right to delete personal data. An active domain needs one verified email, and data that ICANN rules require to be kept for a set period stays until that period ends. Write from the domain's verified email. ### Who can I complain to about how my data is handled? To ANTAI, the Autoridad Nacional de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información, which hears complaints under art. 18 of Law 81 of 2019. You can also bring a habeas data action before the Panamanian courts under Article 44 of the Constitution. Write to us first, at support@panamaregistrar.com, so that we can correct the record. ## Sources 1. [Constitución Política, Texto Único (arts. 29, 42, 44)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/gacetas/25176_2004.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 25176 (checked 2026-10-19) 2. [Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019, protección de datos personales (arts. 17, 18, 24, 36, 47)](https://www.superbancos.gob.pa/documentos/sac/leyes/ley_2019_645_3008.pdf) — Superintendencia de Bancos de Panamá (Legispan copy), Gaceta Oficial No. 28743-A (checked 2026-10-19) 3. [Ley 51 de 18 de septiembre de 2009 (telecom user-data retention)](https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/2000/2009/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_26374_2009_9_23_ASAMBLEA%20NACIONAL_51.pdf) — Asamblea Nacional de Panamá (Legispan), Gaceta Oficial No. 26374 (checked 2026-10-19) 4. [Ley 478 de 4 de agosto de 2025 (Code of Criminal Procedure arts. 338-A, 338-C)](https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30337/GacetaNo_30337_20250805.pdf) — Gaceta Oficial No. 30337 (5 August 2025) 5. [2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement and specifications (Whois Accuracy Program, data escrow)](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en) — ICANN (checked 2026-10-19) 6. [Registration Data Policy](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/registration-data-policy-2024-02-21-en) — ICANN (effective 21 August 2025) --- PanamaRegistrar: PanamaRegistrar is a domain registration service under Panamanian jurisdiction, paid in crypto with no ID upload: we act on Panamanian court orders, not on unverified complaints.